新疆阿勒泰地区草地类型特征及其分类经营

草地退化已严重制约着阿勒泰地区畜牧业的健康发展．通过分析不同草地类型的群落特征、生态服务价值、功能多样性和主导性，提出了阿勒泰地区草地资源分类经营的模式和策略．研究表明，生态功能区面积为164．66×10^4hm^2，占草地面积的16．73％，草地类型主要有高寒草甸和草原、沼泽、山地荒漠草原、山地草原化荒漠和部分平原荒漠，经营策略为禁牧和封育；经济功能区面积为116．33×10^4hm^2，占草地面积的11．82％，主要草地类型有山地草甸、低地草甸和草甸草原，经营策略为通过施肥、灌溉等手段，集约化管理，提高单位面积产值；混合功能区的面积为703．21×10^4hm^2，占草地总面积的71．45％，草地类型主要有山地草原、平原荒漠草原和大部分平原荒漠，经营策略是以草定畜，合理轮牧．

Features of grassland resources and their classified management in Alatai region of Xinjiang

Grassland degradation, an important problem in grassland management, has affected the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Alatai region of Xinjiang. Based on the analysis of the community features, ecological service value and multiple functions, and main function of grassland types in the regional development, the classified management for grassland was designed. The results showed that Alatai grassland could be divided into three sectors, i.e., ecological function region, economic function region and mixed function region. The ecological function region made up 164.66 x 10(4) hm2 or 16.73% of total Alatai grassland, and the grassland types included alpine meadow, alpine rangeland, swamp, mountain desert steppe, mountain steppe desert and part of plain desert. For the ecological function region, the main management strategy was to prohibit grazing and cropping. The economic function region of 116.33 x 10(4) hm2 accounted for 11.82% of the total Alatai grassland, the grassland types included mountain meadow, flat meadow and meadow steppe, and the main management strategy to enhance the productivity was agricultural measures, such as fertilization and irrigation. The mixed function region which included mountain steppe, plain desert steppe and most part of plain desert was 703.21 x 10(4) hm2 or 71.45% of total Alatai grassland, and the main management strategy was rotational grazing.