北京城区花粉致敏植物种类、分布及物候特征

为了解北京城区花粉致敏植物的种类、分布格局和物候特征,结合文献调研及专家访问,对北京5环以内的花粉致敏植物进行了调查.结果表明:1)北京城区五环内共有致敏花粉植物19科32属99种,其中北京本地种52种,占总数的52.5%,国内其他地区引进种和国外引进种各占总数的26.3%和21.2%;2)北京城区32属花粉致敏植物以北温带成分为主,占40.6%,其次是世界性分布与泛热带分布;3)公园内的花粉致敏植物种数最多,行道树种中花粉致敏植物的比例最高.北京城区各功能区中花粉强致敏草本的盖度,从大到小的顺序是城市废弃地>体育中心及机关单位>道路绿地>公园>居民区>学校>广场;4)北京城区木本花粉致敏植物的花期主要集中在3—4月,草本在7—9月.

Species composition, distribution and phenological characters of pollen-allergenic plants in Beijing urban area

In order to know the species composition,distribution pattern,and phenological characteristics of pollen-allergenic plants in Beijing urban area,an investigation was made,combined with literature survey and experts interviews.The results showed that within the fifth ring of Beijing,there were 99 pollen-allergenic plant species belonging to 32 genera and 19 families,among which,52 species were native plants,accounting for 52.5% of the total,26 species were introduced from other regions of China,occupying 26.3% of the total,and 21 species were introduced from foreign countries,being 21.2% of the total.The 32 genera of pollen-allergenic plants in Beijing urban area were mainly North Temperate elements,occupying 40.6%,followed by Cosmopolitan and Pantropic elements.In all functional sections of Beijing urban area,the pollen-allergenic plants were most diversified in urban parks,and had the highest proportion in street tree species.The coverage of herbs with strong pollen allergy was in the order of waste lands> gym centers and institution yards> greenbelts> parks> residential areas> squares.The blooming period of pollen-allergenic arbors in Beijing urban area was concentrated in March and April,while that of pollen-allergenic herbs was from July to September.