NaCl胁迫对沙棘和银水牛果幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以沙棘和银水牛果2年生幼苗为试材,设NaCl浓度分别为0、200、400和600 mmol·L^-1，研究NaCl 胁迫对其生长及光合特性的影响.结果表明: 随着NaCl浓度的增加,沙棘和银水牛果幼苗的生物量、单株总叶面积均显著下降,且NaCl浓度越高, 下降幅度越大.不同NaCl浓度处理下,沙棘和银水牛果幼苗根冠比较对照显著增加,比叶质量(LMA)略有降低.随着NaCl浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,沙棘和银水牛果叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)均明显下降, 胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)先降后升,气孔限制值(L_s)和水分利用效率(WUE)则先升后降.P_n下降的原因短期内以气孔限制为主,长期则以非气孔限制因素为主,且树种耐盐性越弱,NaCl浓度越高,由气孔限制转为非气孔限制的时间越早.试验中,沙棘幼苗在600 mmol·L^-1NaCl处理10 d时即出现盐害症状,22 d时全部死亡,而银水牛果可以忍耐600 mmol·L^-1NaCl长达30 d以上,说明银水牛果作为引进树种,其耐盐性较沙棘更强,可能更适合在我国盐碱地大面积推广种植.

Effects of NaCl stress on Hippophae rhamnoides and Shepherdia argentea seedlings growth and photosynthetic characteristics.

With two-year old seedlings of Hippophea rhamnoides and Shepherdia argentea as test materials, this paper studied their growth and photosynthetic characteristics under the stress of different concentration (0, 200, 400 and 600 mmol·L-1) NaCl. The results showed that the biomass and total leaf area per plant of H. rhamnoides and S. argentea seedlings decreased significantly with increasing NaCl concentration. Comparing with the control, the root/shoot ratio of H. rhamnoides and S. argentea seedlings under NaCl stress increased obviously, while the leaf mass per area (LMA) decreased slightly. When the NaCl concentration increased and the stress time prolonged, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of H. rhamnoides and S. argentea seedlings declined markedly, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased after an initial decrease, whereas the water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal limiting value (Ls) decreased after an initial increase. The dynamic changes of Gs, Ci and Ls indicated that the decline of Pn was mainly caused by the stomatal limitation in a short-term stress, and by non-stomatal limitation in a long-term stress. The poorer the salt tolerance of tree species and the higher the NaCl concentration, the earlier the transition from stomatal limitation to non-stomatal limitation would occur. As for H. rhamnoides, its morphological symptoms of salt injury appeared on the 10th day, and all of its seedlings were died on the 22th day under 600 mmol NaCl·L-1 stress. In contrast, S. argentea could tolerate 600 mmol NaCl·L-1 stress for above 30 days, illustrating that S. argentea, as an introduced tree species, had higher salt tolerance than H. rhamnoides, and could be planted widely in saline regions of China.