模拟水生态系统及其在环境研究中的应用

随着70年代污染生态毒理学的发展,微宇宙作为评价化学品的环境影响的有力工具日益受到重视。由于从点源和非点源释放的化学物质可经直接或间接途径进入水生态系统,水生微宇宙在环境研究中的应用发展很快。早期的研究工作侧重于化学污染物在水环境的归宿。自70年代末以来,研究注意力逐渐集中于有毒物质在水生态系统内不同生物学组织水平上的生态学效应。本文分下列4个方面进行述评:(1)关于模拟生态系统的若干基本概念;(2)应用于环境研究的不同类型水生微宇宙;(3)尚有争议的若干问题;(4)水生微宇宙技术应用的新动向和展望。

Aquatic microcosm and its use in environmental research.

Since 1970s, microcosm has been received an increasing attention as an effective tool for assessing the environmental impact of chemical pollutants. The application cf aquatic microcosm to environmental research developed rapidly because the released chemicals from point/non-point sources would enter aquatic echosystem through direct and indirect ways. During the earlier pericd, the particular emphasis was laid on the fate of chemicals in aquatic environment. Since the later 1970s, the attention has been gradually focused on the ecological effects of toxic substances at various biological organization levels within aquatic ecosystems. This paper gave a review in following four aspects: 1) some concepts concerning microcosm; 2) various types ef aquatic microcosm used in environmental research; 3) some disputed problems; and 4) a new trend in the use of aquatic microcosm technique and its prospects for the future.