生长的冗余—作物对于虫害超越补偿作用的一种解释

本文阐述了作物在株高、叶面积、分枝或分蘖数、繁殖器官数量、生育期长度及生物产量对经济产量的比例等方面常存在大量冗余。这种冗余随着辅助能量输入的增加而增大。生长冗余本是生物适应波动环境的一种生态对策,以便增大稳定性,减小绝种的风险。但当环境条件改善或经人类支持与保护后,作物的这种固有的冗余特性变成了一种浪费和负担,对高产不利。通过栽培或育种手段减少冗余便可高产。在一些情形下,昆虫取食能减少作物的冗余。这便是作物对虫害的超越补偿的基本原因。

Growth tediousness as an explanation of over-compensation of crops for insect feeding.

The over-compensation of crop plants for insect feedings arouses great interests,but little attention has been paid to the explanation of the phenomenon. This paper presents a concept of tediousness in growth of crops which is found frequently in plant height,leaf area, number of branches or tillers, number of reproductive organs, duration of growth stages and the ratio of biomass to economic yield. The tediousness increases with the increasing input of subsidiary energy. Essentially, the tediousness in growth is an ecological strategy of an organism to adapt itself to the fluctuating environment, increasing the stability of reproduction and decreasing the risk of extinction. However, this inherent property causes a waste of energy and is a burden on the higher crop yields when the environmental conditions are improved or when the crops are supported and protected by human being. The reduction of tediousness with practices of crop growing and breeding has increased the crop yields. Insects can reduce the tediousness in some instances, which is proposed as a basic explanation of the over-compensation of crops for insect feedings.