望天树人工林根际土壤理化性质及微生物群落特征

以望天树纯林(WC)、望天树×降香黄檀(WJ)和望天树×尾巨桉(WA)混交林为研究对象,对比分析不同林分中望天树根际土壤理化性质,并利用Biolog-Eco微平板法和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)甲酯法研究根际微生物群落特征,探讨不同混交树种对望天树根际土壤微生态环境的改善作用。结果表明: 3种林分望天树根际土壤含水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均表现为WA显著高于WC和WJ,而WC和WJ差异不显著;硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量表现为WA和WJ差异不显著,二者均显著高于WC;全磷和速效磷含量表现为WJ>WA>WC,林分间差异显著。3种林分望天树根际土壤微生物平均颜色变化率(AWCD) 、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数及6类碳源底物利用情况均表现为WA>WJ>WC;主成分分析表明,碳水化合物类、氨基酸类和酚酸类化合物是望天树人工林根际土壤微生物主要利用的碳源。3种林分望天树根际土壤微生物总PLFA及细菌、真菌、放线菌的PLFA含量均表现为WA>WJ>WC。相关性分析表明,土壤理化性质(包括含水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性)与微生物特征(即代谢活性、功能多样性指数及PLFA含量)均存在显著正相关关系。从土壤理化性质及微生物群落功能和结构特征分析来看,3种林分中望天树×尾巨桉是最有利于改善望天树幼树期根际土壤微生态环境、提高土壤可利用养分的混交模式。

Physiochemical properties and microbial community characteristics of rhizosphere soil in Parashorea chinensis plantation

We explored the impacts of different mixed trees on the improvement of soil microecological environment in rhizosphere of Parashorea chinensis, including pure P. chinensis plantation (WC), mixed P. chinensis and Dalbergia odorifera plantation (WJ), mixed P. chinensis and Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis plantation (WA). Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The characteristics and distribution of soil microbes in the rhizosphere were measured by the methods of Biolog-Eco micro plate and phospholipid fatty acid methyl ester (PLFA). Soil water content, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium content and the activities of sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase in rhizosphere soil of WA were significantly higher than those of WC and WJ, without difference between WC and WJ. There were no significant differences in the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available potassium between WA and WJ, which were obviously higher than those in WC. There were significant differences in total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents among the three stands, with an order of WJ>WA>WC. The average color change rate (AWCD), Shannon index, Simpson index, McIntosh index and the utilization of six types of carbon source substrates in microorganisms were the highest in the rhizosphere soil of WA, followed by WJ and WC. Results of principal component analysis showed that carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic acids were the main carbon sources for microbial utilization. In WA, the PLFA content of rhizosphere soil microorganism, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was the highest, followed by WJ and WC. There were significant positive correlation between soil physical and che-mical properties and the microbial characteristics. Combining the physical and chemical properties of soil and the functional and structural characteristics of microbial communities, the mixed P. chinensis and E. urophylla × E.grandis plantation may be most conductive to the improvement of the rhizosphere microecological environment and increase soil available nutrients at the young tree phase of P. chinensis.