中街山列岛海洋保护区虾类优势种时空生态位

为了解中街山列岛海洋保护区内虾类种群特征和生存状况,根据2018年1、4、7和10月该海域拖网调查数据,基于相对重要性指数、Shannon指数、Pianka公式以及Pearson相关系数,对该海域虾类优势种的时空生态位进行分析。结果表明: 该海域共采集鉴定虾类16种,隶属于10科13属,其中葛氏长臂虾、中华管鞭虾、鲜明鼓虾、哈氏仿对虾、日本鼓虾为优势种,隶属于4科4属。优势种时间生态位宽度变化幅度较大,而空间生态位宽度变化幅度较小,时间生态位宽度与适温性呈显著相关。小型虾类日本鼓虾的时空生态位宽度值最高。哈氏仿对虾和中华管鞭虾的时间生态位重叠值最大,二者时间同步性高,季节性竞争剧烈。所有优势种均存在显著的空间生态位重叠,说明优势种虾类空间同域性高,区域性竞争整体较强。哈氏仿对虾与葛氏长臂虾的时空生态位重叠值最大,表明二者在该海域对水环境和生物环境的选择以及产卵和洄游习性等相似度高,可能存在激烈的种间竞争。本研究旨在为海洋生物时空生态位的应用研究提供参考。

Spatio-temporal niche of dominant shrimp species in the Zhongjieshan Islands Marine Protected Area,China

To understand the characteristics and living conditions of shrimp population in the Zhongjieshan Islands Marine Protected Area (MPA), according to the trawl survey data of the area in January, April, July and October 2018, we analyzed the spatio-temporal niche of dominant shrimp species based on the indices of relative importance, Shannon index, Pianka formula and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that 16 shrimp species from 10 families and 13 genera were collected and identified. Palaemon gravier, Solenocera crassicorni, Alpheus distinguendus, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Alpheus japonicus were dominant species, belonging to four fami-lies and four genera. The temporal niche breadth of the dominant species varied greatly, while their spatial niche breadth was stable. The temporal niche breadth was significantly correlated with temperature suitability. The spatio-temporal niche breadth value of A. japonicus, the small shrimps, was highest. The temporal niche overlap value between P. hardwickii and S. crassicornis was the largest, indicating that the time synchronization was high and the seasonal competition was severe. There was a significant spatial niche overlap in all dominant species, indicating that the dominant species of shrimp had the same spatial homology, with strong regional competition. The spatio-temporal niche overlap value between P. hardwickii and P. gravieri was the largest, indicating that they had high similarities in physical and biological environment selecting, spawning and migratory habits, and fierce inter-specific competition. Our results could provide reference for the application of spatio-temporal niche of marine organisms.