基于生态系统服务的中亚水土热资源匹配度时空变化特征

水土热资源匹配程度与生态系统的稳定及其可持续性密切相关。本研究通过引入与人类福祉相关的生态系统服务的概念,利用基于遥感数据的植被净初级生产力(NPP)指标法构建了中亚地区水土热资源匹配度指数,采用趋势分析和Hurst指数方法,分析了中亚水土热资源匹配度的时空变化特征,并探讨其与气候因子及水分利用效率的相关性。结果表明: 中亚地区水土热资源匹配度总体偏低(9.3),且在不同生物群区具有明显的空间差异性,总体表现为高山森林区>高山草甸区>典型草原区>荒漠草原区>湖区>荒漠区。2000—2015年间,中亚地区各生物群区的水土热资源匹配度与区域总体水土热资源匹配度均表现为波动下降,但变幅小、持续性较差。气温和降水在空间分布上的巨大差异性及错位性是中亚水土热资源匹配度总体偏低的主要原因,降水对中亚水土热资源匹配度的影响强于气温,中亚水土热资源匹配度与水分利用效率之间也有较强的相关性。

Spatio-temporal characteristics of the matching degree of water,soil, and heat resources based on ecosystem services in Central Asia

The status of matching degree among water, soil, and heat resources determines ecosystem stability and sustainability. Under the framework of ecosystem services related to human well-being, we constructed the matching index of water, soil, and heat resources in Central Asia by the vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) index method based on remote sensing data. We analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of the matching degree in Central Asia, and correlations between the matching degree and climatic factors, water use efficiency using trend analysis and the Hurst index. The results showed that the matching degree of water, soil, and heat resources was generally low in Central Asia with a mean value of 9.3. There were obvious differences in the mat-ching degree in different biomes, with the order of alpine forest region > alpine meadow region > typical steppe region > desert steppe region > lake > desert region. From 2000 to 2015, the matching degree of water, soil, and heat resources in each biome and in the whole Central Asia showed a fluctuating downward trend. However, the matching degree changed slightly, with relatively poor persistence. There was a large difference and misalignment of spatial variation in temperature and precipitation, which was the main cause of low matching degree of water, soil, and heat resources. The effect of precipitation on the matching degree of water, soil, and heat resources in Central Asia was stronger than that of the temperature. There was a strong correlation between the matching degree and water use efficiency in Central Asia.