寒温带森林白桦径向生长的海拔差异及其气候响应——以奥克里堆山为例

气候变化深刻影响森林生态系统的结构和功能。在全球升温背景下,不同环境中不同树种的生长模式及其气候响应决定着生态系统的发展和稳定。本研究基于大兴安岭地区奥克里堆山的白桦年轮宽度数据,采用树木年代学方法,分析(兴安)落叶松森林中先锋树种白桦的生长-气候响应与升温和海拔变化的关联。结果表明: 气候变暖使具有明显海拔环境差异的白桦产生生长分异。较低海拔(1050 m)区域的白桦生长显著增加,而在相对偏高海拔(1250 m)区域的生长变化不大;在具有明显快速升温变化(1980年)之前,各海拔区域白桦生长的冬季(上年10月至当年2月)低温胁迫均达到显著水平;在快速升温阶段(1981—2010年),白桦生长的冬季低温胁迫降低,生长季(5—7月)温度成为偏高海拔处白桦生长的主要限定性因子;在水热条件较为调和的低海拔区域,白桦生长加快。研究区内白桦的分布总体上随着气候的持续变暖逐渐向高海拔区域扩散。

Altitudinal differentiation in the radial growth of Betula platyphylla and its response to climate in cold temperate forest: A case of Oakley Mountain,Northeast China

Climate change has profound impacts on the structure and function of forest ecosystem. Under the background of climate warming, the growth patterns and climate responses of different species in different environments determine the development and stability of ecosystems. Using the method of tree chronology with ring width data of Betula platyphylla in Oakley Mountain of Daxing’an Mountains, we examined the relationship between the growth climate response of the pioneer B. platyphylla in larch forest and temperature rise and altitudinal changes. The results showed that climate warming resulted in the differentiation on B. platyphylla in different altitude. The radial growth of B. platyphylla increased significantly at the low altitude area (1050 m), while there were little changes at the relatively high altitude area (1250 m). Before the time of rapid warming (1980), the radial growth of B. platyphylla on two altitude areas were significantly stressed by low temperature in winter (October to February). During the period of rapid warming (1981-2010), low temperature stress in winter did not affect tree growth, with the growing season (May to July) temperature becoming the main limiting factors to the radial growth of B. platyphylla at the relatively high altitude areas. The growth of B. platyphylla increased in the low altitude stands with favorable water and heat conditions. The distribution of B. platyphylla may generally spread to high altitude sites in the study area under climate warming.