气候变化背景下我国东北三省农业气候资源变化特征

基于1961—2007年中国东北三省72个气象台站的气象资料，分析了东北三省全年及温度生长期内的平均气温、≥10 ℃积温、降水量、日照时数和参考作物蒸散量等农业气候资源的变化特征.结果表明：研究期间，东北三省年均气温总体呈升高趋势，其气候倾向率为0.38 ℃·10 a^-1；温度生长期内≥10 ℃积温同样呈上升趋势，且积温带逐渐北移东扩，全区高于3200 ℃·d积温带面积增加了2.2×10⁴ km²，2800～3200 ℃·d积温带北移0.85°、东移0.67°，2400～2800 ℃·d积温带北移1.1°；东北三省年日照时数显著下降，且以松嫩平原东部、吉林省中西部平原、辽河平原西部的减少尤为明显，全区年日照时数高于2800 h的区域面积由13.6×10⁴ km²缩小到4.1×10⁴ km²，2600～2800 h的区域向西推进了1.5°；全区温度生长期内日照时数平均为1174 h，与1961—1980年相比，1981—2007年温度生长期内的日照时数高值区明显减少，日照时数1200～1400 h的区域向西推进了0.9°；1961—2007年间，研究区年降水量及温度生长期内降水量均呈下降趋势；黑龙江省全年参考作物蒸散量整体呈增加趋势，吉林省中西部平原区有所减小、东部山区呈增加趋势，辽宁省均呈减小趋势，与1961—1980年的年均值相比，1981—2007年年参考作物蒸散量高于900 mm区域向西推移了约1°；黑龙江省和吉林省绝大部分区域温度生长期内参考作物蒸散量逐年增加，而辽宁省绝大部分区域以小于14 mm·10 a^-1的幅度在减少.

Characteristics of agricultural climate resources in three provinces of Northeast China under global climate change

Based on the 1961-2007 weather data from 72 meteorological stations in three provinces of Northeast China,the change characteristics of agricultural climatic factors including yearly and temperature-defined growing season's mean air temperature,≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature,precipitation,reference evapotranspiration,and sunshine hours were analyzed.In 1961-2007,the yearly mean air temperature in the three provinces had an increasing trend,with a rate of 0.38 ℃ ·10 a~(-1).The≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature in temperature-defined growing season also had an increasing trend.and the border of ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature belt moved northward and eastward.The area of ≥3200℃·d accumulated temperature increased by 2.2×10~4 km~2.The belt 0f 2800-3200 ℃·d moved northward about 0.85°and eastward about 0.67°,while that of 2400-2800 ℃·d moved northward about 1.1°.The sunshine hours decreased significantly,especially in the east part of Songnen Plain,central and west plains of Jilin Province,and west part of Liaohe River Plain.The area with sunshine hours >2800 h decreased from 13.6×10~4 km~2 to 4.1 ×10~4 km~2,and the zone with sunshine hours 2600-2800 h moved westward about 1.5°.The average sunshine hour in temperature-defined growing season was 1174 h.Comparing with that in 1961-1980,the region with more sunshine hours in temperature-defined growing season in 1981-2007 narrowed significantly,and the zone with sunshine hours 1200-1400 h moved westward about 0.9°.In 1961-2007,both the yearly and the temperature-defined growing season's precipitation decreased,and the yearly reference evapotranspiration increased in Heilongjiang Province and in the eastern mountain areas of Jilin Province but decreased in the central and west plains of Jilin Province and in Liaoning Province.Comparing with that in 1961-1980,the zone of reference evapotranspiration with the value of ≥900 mm in 1981-2007 moved westward about 1°,and the reference evapotranspiration in temperature-defined growing season increased in most regions of Hei-longjiang and Jilin Province but decreased in a rate of 0-14 mm·10 a~(-1) in most regions of Liaoning Province.