内蒙古毕拉河林区近十年森林景观变化及驱动力浅析

基于遥感信息和地理信息系统，在景观总体和斑块个体两个层次上，从景观总体特征、斑块个体特征及斑块相间相关特征等3个方面对大兴安岭毕拉河林区近10年来森林景观的变化进行了系统的研究．结果表明，由于近10年来人类对森林生态系统干扰的不断增强，研究区森林景观在类型、景观总体特征、斑块个体与相关特征等方面发生了较大的变化．近10年林区森林景观的发展趋势是：受人为干扰正逐步加强，作为人工景观标志的耕地、居民点面积正逐步增加．面积转移矩阵分析结果表明，1997年耕地面积增加主要是由柞树林转化而来的，占耕地构成的30．87％．景观异质性分析结果表明，研究区森林景观耕地斑块数量增加68．80％，平均面积减少4．82％，景观的优势度减少，多样性增加，斑块之间的聚集程度减弱，1988年由柞树林和针叶林等少数几种斑块在景观中占绝对优势的情况有所改变．对研究区和相关地区的自然地理、社会经济等研究表明，火干扰、森林采伐与毁林开荒等是森林景观变化的关键性趋动力．

Forest landscape change and its driving force during past ten years in Biahe forest region,Inner Mongolia

Based on RS and GIS,this paper studied the forest landscape change during the past ten years in Bilahe forest region,Inner Mongolia,from the aspects of general landscape features,individual patch characteristics,and relationship among patches.The results showed that the forest landscape changed a lot due to the stronger human intervention on forest ecosystem.The general tendency was that the human patches (residential area and cultivated land) were!expanding quickly,whereas the natural patches (forest patches,etc.) were shrinking gradually.The results of area transformation matrix showed that in 1997,30.87% of cultivated lands were transformed from Quercus mongolica.According to the analysis of landscape heterogeneity,the patches were increased by 68 80%,but their average area was reduced by 4.82%.In 1988,the landscape dominated by few patches changed to a landscape with comparatively even distribution of patches,due to the decrease of landscape dominance and contagion,and the increase of landscape diversity.Based on the analyses of physical geography and social economics in the study area and the regions related,this paper discovered that the most decisive driving forces of landscape changes were fire intervention,deforestation,and reclamation of virgin land.