生态系统价值在政策制度设计中的应用——以福州市为例

在探索生态系统价值可复制、可推广、可示范的核算模式的基础上,如何合理应用生态系统价值核算结果、形成生态系统价值政策制度应用体系、促进生态系统服务价值由“核算值”向“政策点”转化是目前亟待解决的问题。本研究以福州市经济生态生产总值(GEEP)和生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算为切入点,对GEEP进行指标筛选,并计算绿金指数和单位面积价值量,分析其在政策制度设计中的应用模式。结果表明: 污染物吸收量、物种保育更新能值、湿地重度威胁面积占比、空气负氧离子释放量、耕地占用率、海洋围填海面积占比、固碳量、释氧量、草地覆盖变化率、海岸防护面积、固体废弃物环境退化成本是显著影响福州市GEEP核算结果的指标;福州市2015和2018年绿金指数分别为1.59和1.23,均高于全国水平;福州市各生态系统单位面积价值量大小依次为湿地生态系统＞森林生态系统＞农田生态系统＞草地生态系统＞海洋生态系统。基于福州市GEEP影响因素和绿金指数、单位面积价值量,本研究构建了福州市生态系统价值核算结果“进决策、进规划、进考核、进监测”的管理制度和模式,为我国形成助推生态文明建设的长效机理机制提供了理论依据。

Application of ecosystem value in policy system design: A case study of Fuzhou City,China

On the basis of exploring the replicable, popularized and demonstrative accounting model of ecosystem value, it is critically needed to solve how to reasonably apply the accounting results of ecosystem value, form the application system of ecosystem value policy system, and promote the transformation of ecosystem service value from “accounting value” to “policy point”. With the accounting of Fuzhou Gross Economic Ecological Product (GEEP) and Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) as the starting point, we screened GEEP for indicators, calculated the green gold index and GEP per unit area, and analyzed the application mode in the policy and system design. The results showed that pollutant absorption, species conservation renewal energy values, wetland severe threat area proportion, air negative oxygen ions released volume, arable land occupancy rate, marine reclamation area proportion, carbon fixation quantity, oxygen release quantity, grassland cover change rate, coast protection area and environmental degradation cost of solid waste were the indicators significantly affecting the GEEP accounting results. The green gold index of Fuzhou City in 2015 and 2018 were 1.59 and 1.23, respectively, higher than that at the whole country level. The trends of GEP per unit area followed an order of wetland ecosystem> forest ecosystem> farmland ecosystem> grassland ecosystem> marine ecosystem. Based on the influencing factors of GEEP, green gold index and GEP per unit area, the management system and mode of “entering decision-making, planning, assessment and monitoring” of ecosystem values accounting results were constructed, which would provide a theoretical basis for the formation of a long-term mechanism for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in China.