“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线典型城市气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征与成因

气溶胶作为悬浮分散在大气中的固态或液态微小颗粒物,对人体健康具有巨大影响,探索区域大气气溶胶变化特征和规律,对监测评估大气环境质量(尤其是人口聚集的城市地区)具有重要意义。本研究以东南亚、南亚和西亚“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线9个典型支点城市为例,基于MCD19A2 550 nm AOD产品,结合气象因素、土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据等,探讨亚洲发达城市区域带气溶胶的时空分布、变化特征、影响因素和成因驱动。结果表明: 2013—2018年间,9个城市气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)年平均值从高到低依次为卡拉奇、多哈、吉大港、曼谷、科伦坡、胡志明市、新加坡、瓜达尔和仰光。受区域气候系统和气溶胶类型的影响,各地区年、季和月AOD时序特征差异显著。大多数城市AOD高值区主要分布在城市中心区域或社会经济(如工农业)快速发展的地区。不同气象因素对各地区AOD的影响略有差异:降雨量、相对湿度和风速对东南亚4个城市(胡志明市、曼谷、新加坡和仰光)的影响较大,温度、相对湿度和风速与南亚4个城市(吉大港、科伦坡、卡拉奇和瓜达尔)和西亚多哈的AOD相关性较大。城市区域AOD受社会经济、城市化发展以及气象因素耦合协同作用的综合影响,其中,卡拉奇表现得最显著。

Characteristics of aerosol optical depth dynamics and their causes over typical cities along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

Atmospheric aerosols, i.e., suspension of liquid and/or solid particles in air, have serious impacts on human health. Exploring the variation and patterns of regional atmospheric aerosols is of great significance to monitor and evaluate atmosphere quality, especially in urban areas with large population. Here, with nine typical pivotal cities along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road through Southeast Asia, South Asia to West Asia as case studies, based on MCD19A2 550 nm AOD products, combined meteorological factors, land use data, and nighttime light data, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution, variation features, influencing and/or driving factors of aerosols in developed urban areas over Asia. The results showed that the descending sequence of the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the nine cities was Karachi, Doha, Chittagong, Bangkok, Colombo, Ho Chi Minh, Singapore, Gwadar, and Yangon during 2013-2018. Due to the influence of regional climate system and atmospheric aerosol types, the time series of annual, seasonal, and monthly AODs were significantly different. The high values of AODs in most cities were mainly located in the urban center or rapid socio-economic (e.g., industrial and agricultural) development regions. The effects of different meteorological factors on the AODs varied in different cities. The rainfall, relative humidity, and wind speed had great impacts on AODs in Ho Chi Minh, Bangkok, Singapore, and Yangon. Temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed had close correlations with AODs in Chittagong, Colombo, Karachi, and Gwadar of South Asia and Doha in West Asia. The urban area's AOD was influenced by the combined and synergistic effects of socio-economy, urbanization, and meteorological factors, with that in Karachi being the most significant.