全球气候变化下植物水分利用效率研究进展

气候变化是20世纪80年代以来全球最为关注的环境问题之一，显著影响着植物的生产力以及水分运移和利用格局，改变植物个体、群落及生态系统的水分利用效率（WUE），最终影响植被分布格局和群落结构.开展植物WUE的研究有助于理解和预测陆地植被对全球变化的响应和适应对策，从而为应对全球变化提供新的依据.本文从叶片、个体、群体或生态系统等不同尺度简要介绍了植物水分利用效率的概念及测定方法，着重综述了气候变暖、CO₂浓度升高、降水变化和氮沉降等重要气候因子及其复合作用对植物WUE的影响研究进展，以及不同立地条件下植物WUE变化特征及生存适应策略，指出当前研究中存在的问题，并对全球气候变化下植物WUE的研究进行展望.

Research progress in water use efficiency of plants under global climate change

Global climate change is one of the most concerned environmental problems in the world since the 1980s, giving significant effects on the plant productivity and the water transport and use patterns. These effects would be reflected in the water use efficiency (WUE) of individual plants, communities,and ecosystems, and ultimately, in the vegetation distribution pattern, species composition, and ecosystem structure. To study the WUE of plants would help to the understanding and forecasting of the responses of terrestrial vegetation to global climate change, and to the adoption of adaptive strategies. This paper introduced the concept of plant WUE and the corresponding measurement techniques at the scales of leaf, individual plant, community, and ecosystem, and reviewed the research progress in the effects of important climatic factors such as elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, precipitation pattern, nitrogen deposition, and their combination on the plant WUE, as well as the variation characteristics of plant WUE and the adaptive survival strategies of plants under different site conditions. Some problems related to plant WUE research were pointed out, and the future research directions in the context of global climate change were prospected.