盐城海滨盐沼湿地及围垦农田的土壤质量演变

通过对盐城海滨盐沼湿地进行植被调查与土壤样品分析,利用土壤质量评价体系对各样点的土壤质量状况进行评价,探讨盐沼植被演替过程中和围垦成农田后的土壤质量演变规律.结果表明:随着盐沼植被的发育演替,湿地土壤的物理性状得到改善,有机碳含量增加,氮、磷等养分得到积累,土壤微生物生物量和酶活性均得到明显提高;同时,不同植被类型及发育时间导致土壤性状间的差异.与盐沼湿地相比,围垦农田土壤含盐量下降到0.01%～0.04%,微生物和酶的活性均得到提高,土壤质量明显改善.土壤质量综合指数(SQI)由低到高依次为光滩(0.194)<碱蓬滩(0.233)<白茅滩(0.278)<互花米草滩(0.446)<玉米地(0.532)<棉花地(0.674)<大豆地(0.826).自然植被的正向演替是提高盐沼湿地土壤质量的有效途径.

Evolvement of soil quality in salt marshes and reclaimed farmlands in Yancheng coastal wetland

Through vegetation investigation and soil analysis, this paper studied the evolvement of soil quality during natural vegetation succession and after farmland reclamation in the Yancheng coastal wetland of Jiangsu Province. Along with the process of vegetation succession, the soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in the wetland improved, which was manifested in the improvement of soil physical properties and the increase of soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities. Different vegetation type induced the differences in soil properties. Comparing with those in salt marshes, the soil salt content in reclaimed farmlands decreased to 0.01 - 0.04%, the soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities increased, and the soil quality improved obviously. The soil quality index (SQI) in the wetland was in the order of mudflat (0.194) < Suaeda salsa flat (0.233) < Imperata cylindrica flat (0.278) < Spartina alterniflora flat (0.446) < maize field (0.532) < cotton field (0.674) < soybean field (0.826), suggesting that positive vegetation succession would be an effective approach in improving soil quality.