中国有机肥料养分资源潜力和环境风险分析

基于<中国农业年鉴2006)和其他文献的基础数据,计算了2005年中国人畜禽排泄物和秸秆数量及其产生的养分量.结果表明,2005年中国人畜禽排泄物总量为46.25亿t,秸秆总产量为6.43亿t.中国有机肥料养分资源潜力巨大,2005年人畜禽排泄物和秸秆共产生N、P2O5、K2O养分量分别为2824.52、1282.93、2947.99万t,分别为化肥N、P2O5、K2O投入量的1.08、0.86和4.56倍.但不同区域差异较大,其中河南、山东和四川省人畜禽排泄物产生N、P2O5、K2O量最多,均>400万t,西北地区和北京、天津、上海等地人畜禽排泄物产生的养分总量较少.秸秆中N、P2O5、K2O含量在河南和山东2个粮食主产省最高,均>150万t;西北地区秸秆养分产生量相对较少.单位农田面积人畜禽排泄物的N、P2O5和K2O养分负荷量以北京最高,达到787.26 kg·hm-2,其次是天津和上海,分别为515.31和505.35 kg·hm-2,环境风险较大.

Potential of organic manures nutrient resources and their environmental risk in China

Based on the data from China Agriculture Yearbook 2006 and other documents, the amounts of crop straws and of the excreta from human, livestock, and poultry in China in 2005 were estimated, with the potential and the environmental risk of their nutrient resources analyzed. In 2005, the total amount of crop straws in this country was 643 million tons, and that of the excreta from human, livestock, and poultry was 4625 million tons. The amounts of N, P2O5, and K2O from the straws and the excreta were 28.24, 12.82, and 29.48 million tons, being 1.08, 0.86, and 4.56 times of the inputs from chemical fertilizers in the same year, respectively. There was a great regional difference in the distribution of the organic manures nutrient resources. The total amount of N, P2O5, and K2O in the excreta was more than 4 million tons in Henan, Shandong, and Sichuan provinces, but less in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and northwest China, while the total amount of these nutrients in crop straws was more than 1.5 million tons in Henan and Shandong provinces, the main grain production areas, but less in northwest China. The per unit farmland load of N, P2O5, and K2O from the excreta was the highest (787.26 kg x hm(-2)) in Beijing, followed by in Tianjin (515.31 kg x hm(-2)) and Shanghai (505.35 kg x hm(-2)), where the environmental risk could be more serious.