福建不同生态类型鸭种（群）的遗传多样性研究

用40个10碱基随机引物对福建2个生态类型的7个地方鸭种的基因组池DNA进行了RAPD分析，从扩增产物表现为多态的引物筛选出9个特异性强的引物进行个体DNA的RAPD分析，并利用Shannon指数估算了2个生态区域鸭群的遗传多样性，探讨了它们与生态环境之间的关系及其变化规律．结果表明，福建境内的地方鸭种具有较高的遗传多样性，闽东沿海地区鸭群有67．97％的遗传变异来自群体内，32．03％来自于群体间；闽西山地丘陵地区鸭群有59．05％的遗传变异来自群体内，40．95％来自于群体间；闽东地区鸭群的遗传变异明显高于闽西地区鸭群．同时，用非加权组平均法(UPGMA)对各种群的聚类分析表明，闽西地区的连城白鸭、泰宁麻鸭、龙岩山麻鸭和三明麻鸭归为一类；闽东地区的龙海金定鸭和莆田黑鸭聚为一类．不同生态区域内鸭群的遗传变异与地理位置存在一定的相关性．

Genetic diversity of Fujian local duck populations in different ecological type

A total of 40 short primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence were used singly in polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA fingerprints in pools of DNA representing seven duck populations from two ecological areas in Fujian Province.9 primers which discriminated between the breed-specific DNA pools were used further to amplify individual pool components.Shannon index was used to calculate the genetic diversity and its partition within and between the seven duck populations.The relationships between seven duck populations and ecological environment,and their variation patterns were studied by RAPD.The results showed that the genetic diversity in east Fujian (67.97%) was higher than that in west Fujian (59.05%).Genetic differentiation was estimated to be about 32.03% among populations of east Fujian,and about 40.95% among populations of west Fujian.The genetic distance index matrix and UPMGA dendrogram indicated that Liancheng white duck,Taining duck,Longyan duck and Sanming duck in west Fujian had closer genetic relationships,and Longhai Jinding duck and Putian black duck in east Fujian had the similarly.There were some evidences showing that relevance existed between the variation and the geographical position.