干旱区水域生态系统的水盐耦合关系——以新疆塔里木河流域为例

塔里木河流域水域生态系统的水污染 ,是在自然及人为因素共同作用下形成的 ,地表径流的时空变化是水盐耦合关系发生变化的主要原因 .2 0世纪 5 0年代末 ,塔里木河河水由上游至进入台特马湖以前 ,矿化度均小于 1 0g·L-1.目前 ,上游阿拉尔河水矿化度除 7、8月和 10月份小于 1 0g·L-1外 ,其余各月矿化度超过了 3 0 g·L-1.下游卡拉除了 3月份河水矿化度小于 1 0 g·L-1外 ,其余各月河水矿化度均超过了 1 0 g·L-1,7月和 12月河水矿化度达到 5 0 g·L-1左右 .水质评价表明 ,阿拉尔、新渠满和英巴扎全年平均为 5级重污染水 ,卡拉全年为 4级中污染水 .塔里木河河水水质的状况及水化学的构成是水盐耦合关系的最明显标志 .

Coupling relationship between water and salt of waters ecosystems in arid zone:A case study in Xinjiang Tarim River basin.

The pollution of waters ecosystems is caused by natural and artificial factors in Tarim River. Temporal and spatial variation of surface runoff is the main reason for changes of coupling relationship between water and salt. In the end of 1950s, mineralization degree was less than 1.0 g.L-1 from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of Tetema Lake in Tarim River. At present, only in July, August and October, mineralization degree is less than 1.0 g.L-1. During the other months, mineralization degree is more than 3.0 g.L-1 in Alaer Lake. In Qiala (the lower reaches of Tarim River), mineralization degree is more than 1.0 g.L-1 except in March. Moreover, mineralization degree is about 5.0 g.L-1 in July and December. It is showed that annual water quality belongs to the fifth seriously polluted water in Alaer, Xinquman and Yingbazha. Meanwhile, annual water quality in Qiala belongs to the fourth polluted water. In a word, water quality state and hydrological chemistry component are the most obviously indicator for coupling relationship between water and salt in Tarim River.