岷江干旱河谷多苞蔷薇生长与繁殖特征

通过大面积野外踏查和样方调查,分析了岷江干旱河谷乡土灌木多苞蔷薇种群的分布、生长繁殖特征及其空间差异性.结果表明,多苞蔷薇广泛分布于岷江干旱河谷汶川绵褫至松潘镇江关约170 km长、海拔1 200～2 600 m的空间范围内,其株高、基径、年龄、冠幅、萌蘖株数和结实量的平均值分别为(123.33±3.13) cm、(12.49±0.40) mm、(3.34±0.16) a、(1.30±0.13) m²、(5.07±0.39)株/丛和(171.47±25.90)果/丛.随着海拔高度和纬度增加,其株高、基径、冠幅和结实量增加,而萌蘖株数没有显著变化.多苞蔷薇有性结实和无性萌蘖能力随环境空间变化的不匹配性与其生长密切相关,可能与多变环境下资源分配利用的平衡机制有关；以丛进行年龄统计,多苞蔷薇缺少幼龄个体,种群发展并不稳定,但随海拔高度升高,萌蘖株年龄结构均呈“金字塔”型,且较大龄级的萌株比例略增,显示出良好的种群持续性.综合分析发现,多苞蔷薇生长与繁殖的空间差异性是对干旱河谷长期适应的结果,既为种群持续提供了保证,也为种群扩大奠定了基础.

Growth and reproduction of Rosa multibracteata population in Minjiang River dry valley.

Based on large area field survey and sampling plots investigation, this paper analyzed the distribution, growth and reproduction, and spatial differentiation of native Rosa multibracteata population in the dry valley of Minjiang River. The results showed that this shrub was widely distributed within the area about 170 km long and across the altitude between 1 200 m and 2 600 m from Mianchi Town of Wenchuan County to Zhenjiangguan of Songpan Town. The plant height, base diameter, age, canopy area, sprout number per clump, and hip number each cluster of the shrub were averagely (123.33 +/- 3.13) cm, (12.49 +/- 0.40) mm, (3.34 +/- 0.16) a, (1.30 +/- 0.13) m2, (5.07 +/- 0.39) stem/cluster, and (171.47 +/- 25.90) hip/cluster, respectively. Except the sprout number per cluster, all test parameters showed significantly higher values with increasing altitude and latitude, being most likely related to the improvement of water condition. The increasing fruit output and sprouting number with increasing altitude and latitude was closely related to the better growth, and possibly, to the trade-off of sexual and asexual capability of R. multibracteata across the changing environment. The lack of younger clusters in age structure indicated the instability of the population development, but the fact that the population had bigger ratio of older sprouts and bigger age structure with increasing altitude showed the sustainable development of the population. The stronger capability of R. multibracteata in growth, sprouting, and sexual reproduction in the dry valley of Minjiang River provided reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of the population.