化肥减量配施有机肥对药用菊花产量、品质和药理活性的影响

采用田间小区试验,设置5个有机肥无机肥配施处理(100%化肥和14%、28%、56%、84%有机肥替代化肥处理),测定各处理对药用菊花农艺性状、产量、矿质元素吸收、有效成分含量的影响。并采用酶标仪和MTT试剂盒测定不同处理菊花水提物体外抗氧化活性及对H₂O₂致损的LO2肝细胞的保护作用。结果表明: 与100%化肥处理相比,化肥配施有机肥可以保证药用菊花产量,甚至低比例配施处理(14%有机肥替代化肥)还可以增产达8.3%。随着化肥减量配施有机肥比例的提高,菊花花中N、Mg含量呈上升趋势,而Ca和P含量分别在56%和28%有机肥替代处理有最大值。化肥减量配施有机肥可以显著增加药用菊花中绿原酸、木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的含量,各成分含量随着有机肥比例的升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,上升幅度分别为3.3%～12.8%、15.7%～30.1%和9.5%～29.7%。各处理菊花水提液均有一定的体外抗氧化活性,且随着有机肥比例的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势;菊花水提液能显著提高H₂O₂致损的LO2肝细胞存活率,28%有机肥替代化肥处理细胞存活率最高,为91.2%,与模型组相比呈现极显著差异。综合产量、养分吸收、有效成分含量、体外抗氧化活性、对H₂O₂致损的LO2肝细胞的保护作用等指标,以及有机肥生态友好的特点,确定药用菊花栽培上以28%有机肥替代化肥的效果最佳。

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the yield,quality, and pharmacological activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium

In this study, five different organic and chemical fertilizer treatments (100% chemical fertilizers and 14%, 28%, 56%, and 84% organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers) were set up to examine their effects on agronomic characteristics, yield, mineral nutrient absorption and effective component content of Chrysanthemum morifolium. We used the microplate reader and MTT kit to detect the antioxidant activity of C. morifolium water extract under different treatments and its protective effect on LO2 hepatocytes which were damaged by H₂O₂. The results showed that chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could ensure the yield of C. morifolium. Moreover, the yield of C. morifolium increased by 8.3% treated with low proportion of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer (14% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer). The contents of N and Mg elements in C. morifolium flowers showed an upward trend with increased replacement ratio of organic fertilizer, while the contents of Ca and P reached the maximum value when C. morifolium were treated with 56% and 28% organic fertilizer substitution, respectively. In addition, the contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in flowers was raised by 3.3%-12.8%, 15.7%-30.1% and 9.5%-29.7%, respectively, when C. morifolium were treated with gradually increasing ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of C. morifolium water extract first increased and then decreased with elevated replacement ratio of organic fertilizer. The C. morifolium water extract could significantly improve the survival rate of H₂O₂-damaged LO2 hepatocytes. The survival rate of H₂O₂-damaged LO2 hepatocytes reached as high as 91.2% treated with C. morifolium water extract under the treatment of 28% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer cultivated C. morifolium, showing a significant increase compared to the model group. Based on the comprehensive indices of yield, nutrient absorption, active ingredient content, antioxidant activity in vitro, the protective effect on H₂O₂-damaged LO2 hepatocytes and the ecological friendly characteristics of organic fertilizer, we suggested that the quality of cultivated C. morifolium was the best under the application of 28% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer.