基于PSR模型的陕西省土地生态系统健康评价

基于“压力-状态-响应”(PSR)模型和熵值法对陕西省十市一区的土地生态系统健康状况进行诊断,分析了2009—2017年间土地生态系统健康等级时空变化趋势,以及影响土地生态系统健康变化的驱动因素。结果表明: 2009—2017年间,陕西省土地生态系统健康水平整体提升,其中,2009—2014年间土地生态系统健康程度较低,2014年后健康状况得到明显改善。西安市、宝鸡市、渭南市和汉中市土地生态系统健康等级高且变化幅度大,延安市、榆林市、安康市土地生态系统健康等级较低且变化幅度小,整体呈陕南地区>关中地区>陕北地区。总体来看,陕西省土地生态系统的压力、状态和响应指数均有所增长,但增速趋缓,2014年以后基本趋于平缓,表明在2014—2017年陕西省土地生态系统处于稳定的健康状态。人口增长、城市化水平、单位耕地化肥负荷、森林覆盖率、工业废水排放达标率和工业固体废物综合利用率是影响陕西省土地生态系统健康变化的主要驱动因素。控制化肥农药使用量、优化土地利用结构和提高土地利用效率是陕西省推进生态文明建设、落实生态保护红线的必要措施。

Evaluation of land ecosystem health in Shaanxi Province,Northwest China based on PSR Model.

Based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model and entropy method, we analyzed the health status of land ecosystem and the temporal and spatial variations from 2009 to 2017 in ten cities and one district in Shaanxi Province. The driving factors affecting the health of the land ecosystem was examined. Results showed that during 2009-2017, the overall health of the land ecosystem in Shaanxi Province was improved, which was lower during 2009-2014 and being obviously improved after 2014. The health level of land ecosystems in Xi'an, Baoji, Weinan and Hanzhong was high and with substantial variation, while that in Yan'an, Yulin, and Ankang was low and stable, decreasing in order of South Shaanxi, Guanzhong region and North Shaanxi. Overall, the pressure, state and response indices of the land ecosystem in Shaanxi Province increased during 2014-2017 with a gentle growth, which were basically flat after 2014. Those results indicated that the land ecosystem in Shaanxi Province was at a stable and healthy state. Population growth, urbanization level, fertilizer load per unit of arable land, forest coverage rate, industrial wastewater discharge compliance rate and comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste were the main driving factors for the health of land ecosystems in Shaanxi. Controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides, optimizing the structure of land use and improving land use efficiency are necessary strategies to promote the construction of ecological civilization and implement the red line of ecological protection for Shaanxi Province.