大尺度陆地生态系统科学研究的理论基础及其技术体系之探讨

大尺度的陆地生态系统科学研究是在生物多样性保护、应对全球气候变化、区域生态环境治理及全球社会经济可持续发展的科技需求背景下应运而生的生态学及生态系统科学前沿领域,并在我国的生态文明建设社会实践中快速发展。本文在系统论述大尺度陆地生态系统科学研究的科技使命基础上,重点梳理和探讨了区域及大陆尺度的生态系统科学研究理论基础和方法学问题,进而基于宏生态系统生态学理论,新提出了宏观生态系统科学的基础理论、科学概念及其研究方法体系的逻辑框架。本文重点探讨了: 1) 基于生态系统的系统学特性,发展多维视角的“生态系统科学概念网络体系”;2) 基于生态系统整体性和涌现性理论,发展“生态系统状态变化分析理论体系”;3) 基于生态系统属性及状态概念,发展生态系统结构-过程-功能-服务级联关系的“整合研究方法学理论体系”的学科内涵及应用问题,进而论述了发展区域及大陆尺度宏观生态系统科学研究的方法体系,提出构建新一代大陆尺度生态系统观测研究实验网络,完善“联网观测-联网实验-数值模拟-知识融合”四位一体的科学研究技术体系的必要性。

Discussion on the theoretical basis and technical system of large-scale terrestrial ecosystem science research

Large-scale terrestrial ecosystem science research becomes an important research field with the promotion of meeting the scientific demand of biodiversity conservation, global climate change mitigation, regional eco-environment governance, and social sustainable development. It is developing rapidly under the guidance of China’s ecological civilization construction strategy. Here, we systematically discussed the missions, theoretical foundation and methodology of large-scale terrestrial ecosystem science research and proposed a new theoretical foundation, conceptual system and logical framework for macroecosystem science research on the basis of macrosystem ecology theory. It elaborated the discipline connotation and application of the macroecosystem science to 1) deve-lop the conceptual network of ecosystem science based on the systematic characteristics of ecosystems;2) develop the theoretical system of ecosystem state change analysis based on the ecosystem integrity and emergence characteristics;3) develop the theoretical system of integrated research for ecosystem structure-process-function-service cascade relationship based on the attributes and state of ecosystems. We also discussed the methodology and technical system of regional and continental macroecosystem science research, and highlighted the urgency to construct a new generation of continental ecosystem observation and research network, and to develop the network observation-network experiment-numerical simulation-knowledge fusion four-in-one infrastructures.