喀斯特石漠化地区不同土地利用类型土壤氮磷有效性及其环境影响因子

以西南典型喀斯特石漠化地区——贵州省花江峡谷地区4种不同土地利用类型(乔木林地、灌木林地、草地和撂荒地)土壤为对象,采用相关性分析和冗余分析方法探讨0～30 cm不同土层土壤有效氮、有效磷的分布规律以及土壤因子(土壤物理指标、有机碳组分、电化学属性、金属氧化物和酶活性)对有效氮和有效磷的影响。结果表明: 4种土地利用类型土壤全氮、全磷、有效氮和有效磷含量随土层深度的增加而显著降低,乔木林地和灌木林地各土层有效氮、有效磷含量显著高于草地和撂荒地;土壤有效氮、有效磷含量与有机碳组分、酶活性、表面电化学属性和非晶质氧化物指标呈显著正相关,而与土壤粉粒、游离金属氧化物指标呈显著负相关;冗余分析表明,影响4种土地利用类型土壤有效氮和有效磷的环境因素基本一致,其中土壤颗粒有机碳、总有机碳、土壤比表面积是影响土壤有效氮、有效磷变化的关键因子。土壤颗粒有机碳对土壤有效氮、磷含量变化的解释率较高,这可能是由于有机质对氮、磷的封存减小了土壤养分流失量。此外,乔木林地和灌木林地除了有较高的酶活性和电化学属性外,二者土壤有效氮和有效磷含量高于草地和撂荒地的另一原因可能是较高的土壤有机碳量对游离氧化铁、铝的形成产生抑制作用,铁、铝氧化物对氮和磷元素的吸附和固定量减少所致。

Soil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents and the environmental impact factors across different land use types in typical karst rocky desertification area,Southwest China.

In this study, we collected soil samples from four different land use types (forest land, shrub land, grassland and abandoned land) in Huajiang valley of Guizhou Province, a typical karst rocky desertification area in Southwest China. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to examine the distribution of available nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) in diffe-rent soil layers from 0 to 30 cm and the relationships between soil environmental factors (soil physical indexes, organic carbon components, electrochemical properties, metal oxides and enzyme activities) and the contents of available N and available P. The results showed that the concentrations of soil total N, total P, available N, available P decreased significantly with the increases of soil depth. The concentrations of soil available N and available P in forest land and shrub land were significantly higher than those in grassland and abandoned land, which were significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon composition, enzyme activity, surface electrochemical properties and amorphous mental oxide while significantly negatively correlated with soil silt and free metal oxides. Results of the redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors affecting soil availa-ble N and available P of the four land use types were basically the same, with soil particulate organic carbon, total organic carbon and soil specific surface area playing a key role in driving the variations of soil available N and available P. The efficient explanation of variation to soil available N and P contents by soil particulate organic carbon might be due to the reduction of soil nutrient loss by the storage of N and P in organic matter. Except for high enzyme activity and electrochemical properties of forest land and shrub land, the higher soil available N and available P concentrations compared with grassland and abandoned land might be resulted from the inhibition of free iron and aluminum oxides information by higher soil organic carbon content and the reduced adsorption and fixation of N and P by iron and aluminum oxides.