基于结构方程模型的兴安落叶松天然林更新影响因素

以大兴安岭新林林业局翠岗林场49块兴安落叶松不同蓄积占比的固定样地调查数据为基础,分别从林分非空间结构、林分空间结构、林木多样性、土壤条件和立地条件5个方面37项观测指标,在相关性分析的基础上,构建林分尺度更新密度和更新多样性(包括树高和地径)的结构方程模型,并计算各路径的直接、间接和总影响系数,量化和提取影响大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松天然林更新密度和更新多样性的关键可控因素,为该地区森林的可持续经营提供理论基础和技术依据。结果表明: 对林分更新密度影响最大的潜变量依次为:林分非空间结构(-0.410)>林木多样性(0.380)>土壤条件(0.250)>立地条件(0.249)>林分空间结构(0.197);对林分更新多样性影响最大的潜变量依次为:土壤条件(0.778)>立地条件(0.748)>林分空间结构(0.684)>林分非空间结构(0.287)>林木多样性(0.105)。综合来看,影响更新密度和多样性的共性观测变量主要为:pH值、全钾、树种多样性、树高多样性、角尺度和单位蓄积。在后续经营中,可通过采伐或补植阔叶树种的方式来优化和调整林分的树种组成、多样性、土壤pH值和养分等特征,最终达到促进天然更新的目的。

Clarifying the factors affecting Larix gmelinii forest regeneration based on structural equation model

Based on data from 49 plots of natural Larix gmelinii forests in Cuigang Forest Farm of Xinlin Forestry Bureau, Daxing’anling Mountains, China, we used 37 measurable variables that mainly focused on stand non-spatial structure, stand spatial structure, species diversity, soil condition, and site condition to construct the structural equation model of natural regeneration densities and size diversities (i.e., height and ground-diameter). The direct, indirect, and total influence coefficients of each path were quantified to extract the critical and controllable factors that influence regeneration density and diversity of natural L. gmelinii forests, which would help implement sustainable forest management. The results showed that the effects of various latent variables on rege-neration density were following an order as: stand non-spatial structure (-0.410) > species diversity (0.380) > soil condition (0.250) > site condition (0.249) > stand spatial structure (0.197), while the order were changed as: soil condition (0.778) > site condition (0.748) > stand spatial structure (0.684) > stand non-spatial structure (0.287) > forest diversity (0.105), when evaluated on the regeneration diversity. Generally, the critical and controllable factors affecting rege-neration quantity and diversity were soil pH, total potassium concentration, species diversity, tree height diversity, uniform angle index and stand volume per hectare. In the management, suitable thinning treatments or replanting broadleaved trees were recommended for optimizing and adjusting species composition, species diversity, soil pH and nutrition, which would promote natural regene-ration.