大尺度陆地生态系统状态变化及其资源环境效应的立体化协同联网观测

环境变化和人类活动的双重驱动正在快速地改变地球生态系统状态,呈现出了众多级联的资源环境问题,生态系统的状态变化和时空演变驱动因素以及相应的资源环境效应是大尺度陆地生态系统科学研究的永恒主题。观测和评估生态系统状态变化,发现和理解生态系统响应机制,认知和描述生态系统演变规律,预测和预警生态系统演变趋势,都依赖于大陆及全球尺度的分布式协同观测研究网络。本研究以服务大陆尺度生态系统科学研究、支撑区域生态环境治理为目标,围绕生态系统状态变化及资源环境效应科学问题,综合分析了现有生态环境观测研究网络现状,明确提出了生态系统观测研究站及其网络的发展方向,进而提出了发展“多要素-多界面-多介质-多过程-多尺度-多方法”的联网协同观测体系,构建“高新技术集成化-区域分布网络化-网络管理智能化-观测实验长期化-模型模拟多功能化-数据集成和资源共享远程化”的新一代大陆尺度生态系统观测实验研究网络的设想,并进一步阐述了该研究网络的功能定位、设计理念、设计方案、建设目标和技术体系,以期为我国陆地生态系统观测研究网络的发展提供借鉴与参考。

A coordinated three-dimensional network for observing large-scale terrestrial ecosystem status changes and the consequences on resources and environment

Co-driven by environmental change and human activity, global ecosystem has been experiencing rapid changes, with cascading effects on resources and environment. The changes of ecosystem status and its spatiotemporal evolution drivers, and the related resource and environmental effects have been recognized as the long standing topics of large-scale terrestrial ecosystem science. The coordinated observation networks distributed across different continents and the globe provide the valuable tools for observing and evaluating ecosystem state change, for revealing and elaborating mechanisms underlying ecosystem response, for cognizing and understanding ecosystem evolution, and for predicting and early-warning of ecosystem change. Committing to serving the continental-scale ecosystem science and supporting regional ecological environmental governance, this review first comprehensively analyzed the current status of ecological environment observation research networks, then proposed their development directions. This review advocated to develop a collaborative observation system with characteristics of multi-element, multi-interface, multi-medium, multi-process, multi-scale and multi-method, and to establish the new generation of continental ecosystem observation-experiment research network composed of high technology integration, regional distribution network, network management intellectualization, long-term observation & experiment, multi-functional model simulations, and remote data integration and resource sharing. We elaborated on the function orientation, design philosophy, design scheme, construction objectives and technical system of the research network. We hoped provide references for the development of terrestrial ecosystem observation network in China.