白音华矿区土壤重金属含量的空间异质性

为探讨开矿对白音华矿区土壤重金属空间分布的影响, 本研究以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗白音华煤矿区周边土壤为对象,分析了距离矿区8 km内的重金属Cu、Cr、Pb和Mn含量的空间异质性。结果表明: 土壤重金属Cu、Cr、Pb和Mn的平均含量分别为12.7、32.6、29.9和201.3 mg·kg^-1,其变异系数分别为26.8%、33.9%、27.1%和45.7%。采用半方差函数进行模型拟合, Cu、Cr、Pb和Mn空间分布分别符合高斯模型、高斯模型、高斯模型和线性模型。对其空间分布格局分析发现,Mn、Cr 和 Cu的空间自相关水平较高,主要受结构性因素影响,受随机性因素影响很小,Pb的空间相关性水平适中,同时受结构性因素和随机性因素影响。分形维数分析表明,4种土壤重金属含量空间分布简单,结合2D及3D图看,4种土壤重金属均呈现梯度分布,随着距离增加其含量逐步降低,Cu和Mn主要集中分布在距离矿区1.5 km内,Cr与Pb则分别集中分布在距离矿区2.0与3.0 km内。

Spatial heterogeneity of soil heavy metal content in Baiyinhua mining area,Inner Mongolia,China

To evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal content in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of soil Cu, Cr, Pb, and Mn contents within 8 km distance of the mining area. Results showed that the contents of Cu, Cr, Pb and Mn in soil were 12.7, 32.6, 29.9 and 201.3 mg·kg^-1, and their coefficients of variation were 26.8%, 33.9%, 27.1% and 45.7%, respectively. According to the model fitting by semi-variance function, the spatial distribution of Cu, Cr, Pb and Mn were consistent with the Gaussian model, Gaussian model, Gaussian model and linear model, respectively. Results of the spatial distribution pattern analysis showed that the spatial correlation levels of Mn, Cr and Cu were high, which were mainly affected by structural factors, but little affected by random factors. The spatial correlation level of Pb element was moderate, which was affected by both structural factors and random factors. Results of the fractal dimension analysis showed that the spatial distribution of four heavy metal contents was simple. Combined with 2 D and 3 D views, the four types of heavy metals all presented gradient distribution, which decreased with the increases of distance. The contents of Cu and Mn were mainly concentrated within 1.5 km from the mining area, while Cr and Pb were mainly concentrated within 2.0 km and 3.0 km from the mining area, respectively.