聚苯乙烯与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯共存对紫叶生菜的毒性效应

微塑料作为环境污染物的载体,近年来受到广泛关注,而人们对聚苯乙烯颗粒(PS)与污染物共存对蔬菜的直接和间接影响认识有限。本研究采用水培方法分析了0.25、0.50、1.0 mg·mL^-1 PS和5 mg·L^-1邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)共存对紫叶生菜生物量和生化指标的影响。结果表明: 与DBP对照组相比,PS的存在强化了DBP对紫叶生菜生物量的抑制,增加了紫叶生菜根和叶中超氧阴离子含量,诱导超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性增强。透射电镜结果显示,单一的DBP导致生菜根细胞质壁分离,单一PS造成根细胞壁受到损伤,而两者共存加重了对细胞结构的影响。因此,PS与DBP共存加剧了对紫叶生菜的毒害作用。

Toxic effects of polystyrene and dibutyl phthalate on purple lettuce

As a carrier of environmental pollutants, microplastics have received wide concerns in recent years. However, the direct and indirect effects of the coexistence of polystyrene particles (PS) and pollutants on vegetables are still unclear. Here, the combined effects of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 mg·mL^-1 PS and 5 mg·L^-1 dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the biomass and biochemical indices of purple lettuce were investigated in hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the presence of PS increased the inhibition of DBP on lettuce biomass and increased O₂^-· content in roots and leaves relative to the control group with DBP alone, with positive consequences on the activities of supero-xide dismutase, ascorbic acid peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase. According to transmission electron microscope analysis, plasmolysis occurred in root cells under the treatment of DBP alone, cell wall was damaged in PS-only treatment, and the negative effect was enhanced when DBP and PS coexisted. Therefore, the combined pollution of PS and DBP aggravated the toxic effect on purple lettuce.