浙江披山海域主要鱼类时空生态位

依据2015年11月(秋)、2016年2月(冬)、5月(春)、8月(夏)4个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)、Shannon指数和Pianka指数对浙江披山海域主要鱼类的时空生态位宽度和重叠进行分析,并结合冗余分析和种间竞争系数研究了主要鱼类间的竞争共存关系及生态位分化。结果表明: 研究期间共采集鉴定鱼类61种,隶属13目29科48属,其中主要鱼类(IRI>100)有19种。绿鳍鱼与丽叶鲹的时间生态位重叠值最高,二者对时间资源利用的同步性最强;孔虾虎鱼与断线舌鳎的空间生态位重叠值和时空生态位重叠值均最高,二者在空间资源序列上的同域性最强,同时,物种对时空二维资源的利用趋于一致。披山海域时空二维生态位显著重叠(Q_ik>0.6)的种对仅占总种对数的5.8%,表明物种时空分布的差异较大,时空生态位重叠受季节变化的影响比较明显,种间竞争系数计测结果与生态位重叠基本一致。冗余分析揭示了主要鱼类与温度、盐度、溶解氧等环境因子之间的关系,进一步解释了物种间的生态位分化。

Spatio-temporal niche of major fish species in Pishan waters off Zhejiang Province,China

Based on seasonal bottom trawl surveys in November 2015(autumn), February(winter), May(spring) and August(summer) in 2016, the index of relative importance(IRI), Shannon index and Pianka index were used to analyze the breadth and overlap of spatio-temporal niche of major fish species in the Pishan waters off Zhejiang Province. Redundancy analysis and interspecific competition coefficient were used to examine the competition relationship and niche differentiation of those major fish species. The results showed that a total of 61 fish species were recorded throughout the year, which belonged to 13 orders, 29 families and 48 genera. A total of 19 species with IRI>100 were identified as major fish species. The temporal niche overlap value between Chelidonichthys kumu and Atule kalla was largest, indicating high temporal synchronization. Both the spatial niche overlap value and the spatio-temporal niche overlap value between Trpauchen vagina and Cynoglossus interruptus were largest, indicating that their spatial homology was high and that the use of spatial and temporal two-dimensional resource of both species were consistent. The percentage of species pairs with spatio-temporal niche overlap at the significant level(Qik>0.6) was only 5.8% in Pishan waters, indicating that the spatial and temporal distribution of those species were quite different. The overlap of spatio-temporal niche significantly varied across different seasons. The results of the interspecific competition coefficient were basically consistent with the niche overlap. Results of the redundancy analysis revealed the relationships between major fish species and environmental factors(temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen), and further explained the niche diffe-rentiation among species.