青藏高原东缘海螺沟冰川退缩区植被原生演替的氮磷动态

在青藏高原东缘海螺沟冰川退缩区植被原生演替序列的典型地段依次设置7个采样点(冰川退缩0、10、30、40、50、80和127年),测定各演替阶段表层土壤与植被各层氮(N)、磷(P)含量及生态系统生物量,分析不同演替阶段N、P养分的积累与循环特征。结果表明:乔木层叶、枝、根的N、P含量随演替下降,而干的N、P含量在演替末期较高,凋落物与土壤O层N、P含量的变化趋势与乔木层叶和枝一致。生态系统的N、P贮量均随演替逐渐增加,演替初期生态系统N的积累主要依靠植被层,演替末期尤其是植被层形成顶极群落以后,土壤成为生态系统中最主要的N库;植被层的P贮量在冰川退缩后的80年样地超过了表层土壤。生态系统N、P养分的积累速率在演替中期较快,且表现为表层土壤＞乔木层＞林下植被层;演替中期阔叶林阶段N、P养分的循环系数高于演替末期的针叶林阶段,而利用效率则低于针叶林阶段。可见,针叶树种养分循环低但利用率高的机制有利于同其他物种竞争,从而最终形成顶极群落。

Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics along the primary succession in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area,eastern Tibetan Plateau,China.

In this study, seven sampling sites (glaciers retreated for 0, 10, 30, 40, 50, 80 and 127 years) were chosen along a primary succession sequence in the Hailuogou glacial retreat area in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The accumulation and cycling characteristics of N and P under different succession stages were analyzed by measuring biomass and N and P contents in surface soil and each vegetation layer. The N and P contents in leaves, branches and roots of tree layers decreased along the succession sequence, whereas the N and P contents in stems were higher in the late succession stage. The changes of N and P contents in litter and soil O layer were consis-tent with those in the leaves and branches of tree layers. Ecosystem N and P storage increased along the succession sequence. Ecosystem N accumulation was mainly dependent on the vegetation layer in the early succession stage. After the community reached the climax, soil became the main N pool of the ecosystem. Vegetation P storage was higher than that in the surface soil after 80 years of glacial retreat. The nutrient accumulation rate in each layer of the ecosystem was rapid in the middle succession stage, with an order of surface soil > tree layer > understory vegetation layer. The nutrient cycling coefficients of N and P in broadleaved forest in the middle stage were higher than those in coniferous forest in the late stage, whereas the N and P utilization efficiency was lower than that in coniferous forest. Therefore, the mechanism of low nutrient cycling and high utilization efficiency of coniferous trees was conducive to the their competition with other species, thus finally forming the climax community.