红树林内生真菌研究进展

红树林作为一种特殊的植物群落具有丰富的内生真菌资源，目前已分离鉴定的红树林真菌超过200种，成为海洋真菌的第二大类群，已报道的红树林内生真菌主要类群是链格孢霉(Alternaria)、曲霉(Aspergillus)、芽枝霉(Cladosporium)、炭疽菌(Colletotrichum)、镰孢霉(Fusarium)、拟青霉(Paecilomyces)、拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis)、青霉(Penicillium)、茎点霉(Phoma)、拟茎点霉(Phomopsis)、叶点霉(Phyllosticta)和木霉(Trichoderma)等.大部分红树林内生真菌具有较宽的宿主范围，极少数只有单一的宿主，不同红树林植物的内生真菌区系及优势种群有很大差异.红树林内生真菌的定殖因宿主植物不同部位、植株的年龄及季节和环境的变化明显不同.红树林内生真菌能产生多种代谢产物，具有抗菌、抗肿瘤等药用价值.红树林植物内生真菌的研究和开发具有重要意义.本文综述了红树林内生真菌的生物多样性及其分布、生物学功能和次生代谢产物等方面的研究进展.

Research advances in endophytic fungi of mangrove.

Mangrove, a kind of special host plants, is a resource of abundant endophytic fungi. More than 200 species of endophytic fungi are isolated and identified from mangrove, being the second largest community of marine fungi. The reported endophytic fungi of mangrove are mainly Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Phyllosticta and Trichoderma. Most endophytic fungi have wide range of hosts, and a few only have single host. However, the composition and dominant species on each mangrove plant are different. The colonization of endophytic fungi always varies with different parts (leaves, twigs, stems) and age of host plants and with seasons. The endophytic fungi of mangrove can produce many kinds of metabolites with great potential for anti-microbial and anti-tumor medicinal use. In this paper, the research advances in biodiversity of endophytic fungi in mangrove, their distribution, biological and ecological function, and secondary metabolites were reviewed.