基于GIS的南昌市公园绿地景观格局分析与优化设计

以南昌市主城区的公园绿地现状图为基本信息源,借助GIS技术,建立公园绿地空间数据库;利用FRAGSTATS景观格局软件计算相应的景观指数.在对现有的南昌市公园绿地景观格局进行定量分析的基础上,提出优化策略与方案,并对优化后的景观格局进行评价. 结果表明: 现有公园绿地的斑块空间分布不均衡,且面积差异较大,尤其在人口密集区,公园绿地斑块数量偏少,有效避灾面积明显偏低;通过大幅度增加斑块数、斑块面积,提高斑块间的连通性,并适当提高景观破碎化指数,可以优化南昌市公园绿地系统的“点-线-面”格局,使空间分布更趋合理,有效增强其生物多样性保护与防灾避险功能;优化后的公园绿地的斑块多样性指数、均匀度指数均有大幅度提高,聚集度指数也明显升高,且相应降低了优势度指数,景观多样性更为丰富.

Landscape pattern analysis and optimum design of park green space in Nanchang City,China based on GIS.

Based on the current map data of park green space in the main urban area of Nanchang, the spatial database of park green space was set up with GIS technique, with the corresponding landscape indices being calculated by FRAGSTATS, the software of landscape pattern. Based on analyzing current landscape pattern of green space in Nanchang, the optimization strategy and scheme were proposed and the optimized landscape pattern was evaluated. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of patches in current park green space was uneven and area discrepancy was large, which is especially true in densely populated areas with less patch number of park green space and obviously low available area for disaster shelter. By substantially increasing the quantity and area of patches, improving the inter-patch connectivity, and increasing landscape fragmentation index appropriately, the “point-line-plane” pattern of park green space system in Nanchang would be optimized and the spatial distribution would be more rational, which could effectively enhance its role in biodiversity conservation, disaster prevention, and risk avoidance. The optimized indices of patch diversity, evenness and aggregation would be significantly increased, the dominance index would be reduced, and the landscape diversity would be more abundant.