高集约化农业景观中不同利益相关者的景观偏好

集约化农业是现代农业的生产经营方式,在提高农田单位面积产量的同时却带来了一系列环境和生态问题,限制了农业的可持续发展.景观偏好是景观生态学中探讨不同利益相关者对景观产生不同喜好的研究,能够反映人类的主观感受及其产生的行为对景观造成的影响.本文以河南省封丘县农业景观为例,通过问卷调查和其他相关方法综合分析了不同利益相关者所偏好的景观特征以及产生差异的原因,并为将来研究区农业景观的发展提出建议.结果表明: 封丘县的当地利益相关者更偏好简单规则且容易管理的景观要素,强调农业景观的生产及经济功能;专家和当地环保人士更偏好多功能兼具的景观要素,以及高异质性的复杂景观构型,倾向于发展多功能农业景观;文化程度、专业背景、受访者类别等因素均对研究区利益相关者的景观偏好存在明显影响.政府的决策行为、经济补偿程度、生态农业技术支持是影响并决定研究区景观结构和功能发生演变的重要因素.

Landscape preference of different stakeholders in highly intensive farming agricultural landscape.

Intensive agriculture is the way for production and management in modern agriculture, which increases the yield per unit area of farmland, brings a series of environmental and ecological problems, and limits the sustainability of agriculture. Landscape preference focuses on different stakeholders’ preferences for landscape, reflects the influences of human’s subjective feelings and behaviors on landscape. Based on the agricultural landscape of Fengqiu County in Henan Province, we investigated the characteristics of the landscape elements which stakeholders preferred and analyzed the reasons using the questionnaire survey and other related methods. We proposed several suggestions for future development of the agricultural landscape in study area. The results showed that stakeholders preferred the landscape element which is simple and easy to manage, and emphasized the production and economic functions of agricultural landscape. Experts and local environmentalists preferred the landscape elements with multiple functions and benefits, as well as complex landscape configurations with high heterogeneity, with the aim to develop the multifunctional agricultural landscape. Factors such as education level, professional background and types of intervie-wees had obvious influences on the landscape preference of stakeholders. The decision-making beha-vior of government, the degree of economic compensation, and the technological support of eco-agriculture would be the important factors determining the possible development of landscape structure and function in the future.