塞罕坝自然保护区主要植被类型动态及其驱动力

为探讨塞罕坝自然保护区植被景观动态变化规律及其驱动机制,本文基于3期Landsat TM影像数据(1989、2000和2013年),应用随机森林分类算法和Logistic回归模型,借助土地动态度指标,分析了1989—2013年研究区各植被类型的变化及引起其变化的驱动因素.结果表明:1989—2013年间,灌木林所占比例较小;研究区植被景观变化的主要特征是灌木林的迅速减少和人工林的持续增加,草地和天然次生林变化不明显;不同时期影响各植被类型变化的驱动因素不同,1989—2000年,社会因素如距道路距离、造林总投资是影响各植被类型变化的主要因素,2000—2013年,随着"天保工程"的实施以及自然保护区的成立,自然因素如高程、坡向的影响逐渐加强;社会活动主导了研究区的植被景观动态,而自然因素在一定程度上决定了植被类型的分布格局.

Dynamics and driving forces of main vegetation types in the Saihanba Nature Reserve,Hebei Province,China

To explore the changes of vegetation landscape pattern and its driving mechanism in Saihanba Nature Reserve, we analyzed vegetation type changes from 1989 to 2013 and the driving factors using random forest and Logistic regression models in conjunction with land dynamic degree indicator, based on three Landsat TM imageries obtained in 1989, 2000 and 2013. The results showed that the proportion of shrubland was always small in this area from 1989 to 2013. During 1989-2013, the proportion of shrubland rapidly decreased and plantation area significantly increased, while the area of grassland and natural secondary forest slightly changed. Key driving factors for the vegetation dynamics were dependent on vegetation type and time. The change of each vegetation type from 1989 to 2000 was significantly influenced by social factors, i.e. distance to road and total investment of afforestation. Since the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project and establishment of Saihanba Nature Reserve, the role of natural factors including elevation and aspect gradually became more important during the 2000-2013. The vegetation landscape dynamics were primarily determined by social activities, while the distribution patterns of vegetation types were probably controlled by natural factors in the study area.