基于低影响开发的滨海工业园区景观生态规划——以营口市沿海产业基地二期为例

工业园区的低影响开发(LID)是我国海绵城市建设的重要内容.本研究根据景观生态学原理,通过分析景观格局对水文过程的影响,探讨工业园区雨洪管控的生态空间结构优化方法.首先,根据滨海地区水文和地质条件对工业园区进行景观格局优化,梳理水系廊道,整合绿地斑块;然后,根据下垫面特征进行雨洪管控区域划分,确定不同管控分区的径流控制指标,并选择不同景观节点的LID技术措施,实现工业园区生态基础设施合理的空间配置.结果表明: 通过景观格局优化,工业园区内构建的生态网络加强了景观的连通性,多种LID技术的组合使园区径流控制率由45%提升至70%,其中,透水铺装、下沉式绿地、雨水花园、湿塘、植草沟面积占总面积的比例分别为1.3%、1.9%、0.2%、0.2%、0.1%.本研究能够为滨海工业园区的低影响开发建设提供新的思路和方法.

Landscape ecological planning of coastal industrial park based on low impact development concept: A case of the second coastal industrial base in Yingkou City,Liaoning Province,China

Low impact development (LID) of industrial parks is an important component in the construction of China’s sponge cities. We compared the methods of optimizing ecological spatial structure for rain and flood control in industrial parks, via analyzing the influence of landscape pattern on hydrological process. Firstly, according to the hydrological and geological conditions of the coastal area, the landscape pattern of the industrial park was optimized, with the water corridor system being structured and green patches being integrated. Then, the reasonable spatial allocation for the ecological infrastructure of the industrial park was realized, with the rain and flood control areas being divided based on the characteristics of the underlying surface. The runoff control indices of different control areas were determined, and the LID technical measures of different landscape nodes were selected. The results showed that the landscape pattern optimization strengthened landscape connectivity by constructing the ecological network within the industrial park. The runoff control rate of the park increased from 45% to 70% through the combination of various LID technologies, with the pervious pavement, submerged green space, rainwater garden, wet pond and grass ditch accounting for 1.3%, 1.9%, 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.1% of the total area, respectively. This study could provide new ideas and methods for the low impact development and construction of coastal industrial parks.