山西翅果油树的适生区预测及其对气候变化的响应

研究濒危物种生境在气候变化下的响应对保护物种多样性和保持生态系统功能完整性具有重要意义.本文选取我国特有濒危植物翅果油树为研究对象,以该物种73个野外调查数据和35个环境因子为基础,应用最大熵模型对山西翅果油树当前的适生分布区进行预测;进而结合政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告发布的气候模式数据,探讨未来不同气候情景下山西翅果油树分布格局的变化趋势.结果表明: 受试者工作特征曲线分析法的AUC值为0.987,表明模型的模拟精度很好且预测可靠性高;刀切法检验结果显示,降水量季节变化、温度年变化范围、年均温、等温线、表层土pH值和年降水量是影响翅果油树分布的主要环境因子,其累积贡献率达到了94.8%;当前,山西翅果油树的适生区主要集中在山西省吕梁山南部和中条山地带;未来不同气候情景下,到21世纪70年代翅果油树适生区面积均有不同幅度的缩减,低浓度情景(RCP 2.6)下呈先增后减趋势,中高浓度情景(RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5)下响应较敏感且呈先减后增趋势.两个不同适生区的空间分布格局对气候变化也有不同的响应,吕梁山南部表现出纬度方向的轻微波动,而中条山地带则是海拔方向的迁移.

Prediction of the suitable distribution and responses to climate change of Elaeagnus mollis in Shanxi Province,China

Understanding the responses of the habitats of endangered species to climate change is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of the integrity of ecosystem function. In this study, the potential suitable distribution habitats of Elaeagnus mollis in Shanxi Province was simulated by the maximum entropy model, based on 73 occurrence field records and 35 environmental factors under the current climate condition. Moreover, with the Fifth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the dynamics of distribution pattern was analyzed for E. mollis under different climate scenarios. The results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value was 0.987, indicating that the data fitted the model very well and that the prediction was highly reliable. Results from the Jackknife test showed that the main environmental variables affecting the E. mollis distribution were the precipitation seasonality, the range of annual temperature, annual mean temperature, isothermality, annual precipitation, and pH of topsoil, with the cumulative contribution reaching 94.8%. At present, the potential suitable habitats of E. mollis are mainly located in two regions, the southern of Lyuliang Mountain and Zhongtiao Mountain in Shanxi Province. Under different climate scenarios, the total suitable area of E. mollis would shrink in 2070s. In RCP 2.6 the suitable area would firstly increase and then decrease, while in RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 it would response sensitively and first decrease and then increase. Its spatial distribution in two suitable regions would show divergent responses to climate change. The distribution in southern Lyuliang Mountain would fluctuate slightly in latitudinal direction, while that in Zhongtiao Mountain would migrate along elevation.