基于地表湿润指数的农牧交错带地区生态安全格局构建——以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例

区域生态安全格局的构建可以有效保障区域生态安全、实现区域可持续发展,已经成为景观生态学研究的热点和重点之一.对于生态本底较为脆弱、地表覆被类型较为单一的内蒙古高原地区来说,区域生态安全格局的构建尤为重要.本研究以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例,针对区域自然环境特征,选取食物供给、固碳释氧、土壤保持、产水、生境维持5种典型生态系统服务评估区域生境重要性,并在综合考虑单一生态系统服务质量和景观多功能性的基础上识别生态源地;利用地表湿润指数修正基于地表覆被赋值的基本生态阻力面,并运用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道,从而构建杭锦旗生态安全格局.结果表明: 杭锦旗生态源地面积为6781.70 km²,占全旗土地总面积的35.9%,主要分布在北部河套平原和南部鄂尔多斯草原地带;杭锦旗生态廊道总长度为498.51 km,库布齐沙漠将其从中隔断分为南北两个组团.针对北方农牧交错带干旱、脆弱的生态基底特征,构建区域生态安全格局,可为当地经济开发建设和生态保护提供决策指引.

Construction of ecological security pattern in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on surface humid index: A case study of Hangjin Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.

The construction of regional ecological security pattern can effectively protect regional ecological security and achieve regional sustainable development, which has become one of the key topics in landscape ecology. The construction of regional ecological security pattern is particularly important for the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which is characterized by relatively fragile ecological environment and single land cover type. Considering regional natural environment characteristics, five typical ecosystem services, such as food supply, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil conservation, water yield and habitat conservation, were selected to assess the importance of natural habitats with Hangjin Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study area. Based on comprehensive consideration of single ecosystem service quality and landscape multi-functionality, ecological sources were identified. The basic ecological resistance surface based on the land cover was revised by the surface humid index. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify the ecological corridors, to construct the ecological security pattern of Hangjin Banner. The results showed that the ecological source of Hangjin Banner was 6781.70 km², accounting for 35.9% of the whole area, which mainly located in the northern Hetao Plain and southern Ordos steppe zone. The total ecological corridor length of Hangjin Banner was 498.51 km, which was divided into two groups from north to south by Kubuqi Desert. Based on the arid and ecologically fragile characteristics in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, this study constructed regional ecological security pattern to provide decision-making guidelines for local economic development and ecological conservation.