不同土地利用模式对辽东山区土壤微生物群落多样性的影响

运用Biolog-Eco技术对辽东山区蒙古栎林、灌木林、人工落叶松林、人工红松林和玉米农田的土壤微生物群落进行研究,分析土壤理化性质与土壤微生物多样性间的相关性,以及不同土地利用模式对辽东山区土壤微生物的影响.结果表明: 蒙古栎林全C和全N含量最高,分别为57.74和4.40 g·kg^-1,灌木林次之,玉米地最低,分别为17.46和1.31 g·kg^-1.不同土地利用模式下土壤微生物群落代谢活性差异显著,总碳源的利用能力(平均吸光值)依次为蒙古栎林>灌木林>人工落叶松林>人工红松林>玉米地,玉米地土壤微生物代谢最慢,活性最弱.玉米农田土壤微生物的Shannon指数(2.997)、Simpson指数(0.942)、McIntosh(5.256)指数均显著低于其他土地利用模式.平均吸光值(AWCD)与Simpson指数和McIntosh指数显著相关.酯类、醇类和胺类是分异作用的主要碳源,这可能是林分凋落物、土壤养分、土壤特异性微生物等共同作用的结果.林地开垦后,土壤养分急剧下降,土壤微生物群落的功能多样性降低,造成土壤质量下降,该地区应保持阔叶蒙古栎林,这有助于土壤肥力恢复.

Effects of different land use patterns on the soil microbial community diversity in montane region of eastern Liaoning Province,China.

An experiment was conducted to examine the differences of soil microbial diversity across different land use patterns in montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China. The relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial diversity in five different land use types, including Quercus mongolic forest, shrubland, Larix gmelinii plantation, Pinus koraiensis plantation, and Zea mays cropland were analyzed by Biolog-Eco method. The results showed that both soil total C and N contents were the highest in the Q. mongolica forest, which were 57.74 and 4.40 g·kg^-1, followed by shrubland, but only 17.46 and 1.31 g·kg^-1 in the Z. mays cropland, respectively. There were significant differences in microbial utilization rate of different land use types. The carbon utilization capacity by soil microbial communities was following the order of Q. mongolica forest > shrubland > L. gmelinii plantation > P. koraiensis plantation > Z. mays cropland, indicating that soil microbial metabolism and activity in Z. mays cropland were the lowest. The Shannon diversity index (2.997), Simpson diversity index (0.942) and McIntosh diversity index (5.256) of soil microbial community in the Z. mays cropland were significantly lower than those in other ecosystems. The average absorbance value (AWCD) was associated with Simpson diversity index and McIntosh diversity index. Esters, alcohols and amines were the primary carbon sources for the differentiation, which might be due to a joint action of many factors such as litter, soil nutrients, and specific soil microorganisms. The soil nutrient and soil microbial community diversity in forest land after reclamation sharply decreased, causing the loss of soil fertility and productivity. The region should keep the Q. mongolica forest, which could help restore soil fertility.