大连海域食物网连续营养谱

根据2008年1月—2017年6月在大连海域收集的因搁浅、误捕及救助无效而死亡的斑海豹、江豚、小须鲸等海洋哺乳动物及2016年秋季和2017年春季在该海域进行的渔业资源调查,应用稳定同位素技术,分析了大连海域海洋哺乳动物及主要生物样品的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N),并计算其营养级,进而构建大连海域食物网的连续营养谱.结果表明: 大连海域食物网的δ¹⁵N值范围为8.0‰～14.7‰,δ¹³C值范围为-21.1‰～-16.7‰.主要生物种类可划分为初级消费者、次级消费者及顶级捕食者3个营养组群.δ¹⁵N值分析显示,主要生物种类的营养级范围为2.63～4.59,其中,小须鲸、江豚、斑海豹的营养级依次为3.16、4.11、4.25,棘皮动物为3.24～3.84,头足类为3.81～3.93,腹足类为3.65～4.13,双壳类为2.63～3.15,甲壳类为3.58～4.12,鱼类为3.20～4.59.营养结构特征显示,初级消费者主要为双壳类,次级消费者主要为小须鲸、头足类、棘皮类、腹足类、甲壳类,顶级捕食者主要为江豚、斑海豹、鱼类.随着江豚体长的增加,δ¹⁵N值有增大趋势,说明随着江豚生长和摄食能力的增强,其摄食的食物趋向于更高营养层次的生物.研究建立了大连海域食物网的连续营养谱,可以为海洋哺乳动物和渔业资源的保护提供依据.

The continuous trophic spectrum of food web in Dalian marine area,China.

This study analyzed the values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N by the application of stable isotope technique from the marine mammals (Phoca largha, Neophocaena asiaorientalis sunameri, Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and major biological species in Dalian marine area based on the animals collected due to stranding and death after bycatch from January, 2008 to June, 2017, and the fisheries resources investigation between autumn, 2016 and spring, 2017 in the same area. The trophic level was then calculated in order to establish the continuous trophic spectrum of the food web in Dalian marine area. The results showed that the value of δ¹⁵N ranged from 8.0‰ to 14.7‰ and the value of δ¹³C ranged from -21.1‰ to -16.7‰ of the food web in Dalian marine area. The major biological species could be categorized into three groups, namely primary consumer, secondary consumer and top predator. The analysis of δ¹⁵N revealed that the trophic level ranged from 2.63 to 4.59 for the major biological species. The trophic level of B. acutorostrata, N. asiaorientalis sunameri, P. largha, echinoderm, cephalopods, gastropod, bivalve, crustacean and fish were 3.16, 4.11, 4.25, 3.24-3.84, 3.81-3.93, 3.65-4.13, 2.63-3.15, 3.58-4.12 and 3.20-4.59, respectively. The characteristics of the trophic structure demonstrated that the primary consumer was bivalve, the secondary consumers were B. acutorostrata, cephalopods, Echinoderms, gastropod and crustacean, and top predators were N. asiaorientalis sunameri, P. largha and fish. The value of δ¹⁵N increased with the increase in the body length, indicating the feeding of N. asiaorientalis sunameri tended to be at a higher trophic level with the growth and feeding ability enhanced. This study established the continuous trophic spectrum of food web in Dalian marine area and would provide the information for the marine mammal and fisheries resources protection.