基于地理加权模型的南设得兰群岛北部南极磷虾渔场空间分布影响分析

结合南极磷虾渔业科学观察员收集的渔业数据和海洋环境数据,本研究利用地理加权回归模型(GWR),分析了具有空间属性的虾群深度和离岸距离两个因子,以及海水表温对南设得兰群岛北侧水域南极磷虾渔场空间分布的影响.结果表明:各年南极磷虾渔业单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)在空间上的分布无显著的集聚性;2010和2013年,3个因子之间存在空间自相关性(正相关),而2012和2016年则无自相关性.GWR模型结果显示,3个因子对CPUE的空间分布具有不同程度的影响,影响程度大小依次为虾群深度>离岸距离>温度.拟合结果发现,南设得兰群岛东、西两侧水域中表温对CPUE空间分布的影响与其他两个因子具有相反的趋势.虾群深度和离岸距离对CPUE的空间效应主要表现为负相关,但存在着年际和区域性差异.本研究结果可为南极磷虾渔场形成机制研究提供方法上的参考.

Analysis of influence on spatial distribution of fishing ground for Antarctic krill fishery in the northern South Shetland Islands based on GWR model.

Based on Antarctic krill fishery and marine environmental data collected by scientific observers, using geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, we analyzed the effects of the factors with spatial attributes, i.e., depth of krill swarm (DKS) and distance from fishing position to shore (DTS), and sea surface temperature (SST), on the spatial distribution of fishing ground in the northern South Shetland Islands. The results showed that there was no significant aggregation in spatial distribution of catch per unit fishing effort (CPUE). Spatial autocorrelations (positive) among three factors were observed in 2010 and 2013, but were not in 2012 and 2016. Results from GWR model showed that the extent for the impacts on spatial distribution of CPUEs varied among those three factors, following the order DKS>SST>DTS. Compared to the DKS and DTS, the impact of SST on the spatial distribution of CPUEs presented adverse trend in the eastern and western parts of the South Shetland Islands. Negative correlations occurred for the spatial effects of DKS and DTS on distribution of CPUEs, though with inter-annual and regional variation. Our results provide metho-dological reference for researches on the underlying mechanism for fishing ground formation for Antarctic krill fishery.