铜陵新桥矿区周边农田土壤汞含量分布特征及其污染评价

为了解矿业活动对农田土壤Hg富集的影响,采集铜陵市新桥矿区周边村庄(新建村、叶湖村、新湖村、湖城村)农田土壤样品.应用原子荧光光度计测定土壤总汞(THg)及各形态汞含量,采用地累积指数法评价污染水平.结果表明:新桥矿区周边农田土壤中总汞的平均浓度为(0.137±0.078) mg·kg^-1,超过铜陵市土壤背景值.4个村庄的土壤总汞平均浓度为新建村(0.221 mg·kg^-1)>新湖村(0.118 mg·kg^-1)>叶湖村(0.115 mg·kg^-1)>湖城村(0.096 mg·kg^-1).其中新建村不同形态汞的平均含量顺序为残渣态(0.036 mg·kg^-1) >碱溶态(0.031 mg·kg^-1) >过氧化氢溶态(0.022 mg·kg^-1)>酸溶态(0.020 mg·kg^-1)>水溶态(0.012 mg·kg^-1).分析表明,距矿区远近是影响农田土壤汞含量分布的主要因素,受污染的新桥河流加大了该地区农田土壤汞污染程度,而有机质影响总汞及过氧化氢溶态汞在土壤中的积累和转化.土壤汞污染地累积指数为新建村(1.559)>新湖村(0.654)>叶湖村(0.616)>湖城村(0.356),其中新建村农田土壤汞污染达到中度污染水平,需加以重视.

Concentrations and pollution assessment of mercury in farmland soil of Xinqiao Mining Area of Tongling,Anhui, China.

To investigate the effects of mining activities on mercury (Hg) enrichment in farmland soil, soil samples were collected from four villages (Xinjian Village, Yehu Village, Xinhu Village and Hucheng Village) in the vicinity of Xinqiao Mining Area, Tongling. Hg concentration was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer. The geo-accumulation index was used to evaluate the Hg pollution level of the soils. The results showed that average concentration of total Hg in farmland soil was (0.137±0.078) mg·kg^-1, which exceeded the background value of soil Hg in Tongling area. The average concentration of Hg in four villages followed the order of Xinjian Village (0.221 mg·kg^-1)>Xinhu Village (0.118 mg·kg^-1)>Yehu Village(0.115 mg·kg^-1)>Hucheng Village (0.096 mg·kg^-1). Moreover, the average Hg concentration of different forms in Xinjian Village followed the order of residue (0.036 mg·kg^-1) > alkali soluble (0.031 mg·kg^-1) > hydrogen peroxide soluble (0.022 mg·kg^-1)> acid soluble (0.020 mg·kg^-1)> water soluble (0.012 mg·kg^-1). The distance from the mining area was the main factor affecting the distribution of soil Hg concentration in farmlands. The contaminated Xinqiao River, to some degree, had exa-cerbated soil Hg pollution. Soil organic matter affected the accumulation and transformation of total Hg and hydrogen peroxide Hg in the farmlands. The order of the geo-accumulation index followed as Xinjian Village(1.559) >Xinhu Village(0.654) >Yehu Village(0.616) >Hucheng Village(0.356). The pollution level of farmland soil in Xinjian Village belonged to middle level of Hg pollution,which deserved more attention.