生态足迹理论方法的改进及应用

针对生态足迹理论关于耕地一年只耕种一次的假设,对生态足迹方法中的耕地类足迹用复种指数进行调整,使计算得到的耕地类足迹是人们所需要的耕地面积而不是复种面积.用改进的方法,对江苏省滨海县和阜宁县两个区域生态经济系统1995—2003年的情况进行了分析.结果表明:在1995—2003年,采用Wackernagel方法,滨海和阜宁的人均生态足迹分别由1.79hm2、1.38hm2增加为2.22hm2、2.81hm2,生态足迹中耕地足迹的比重分别由42.65%、45.73%下降为38.81%、38.85%;采用改进后的方法,滨海和阜宁的人均生态足迹则分别由1.43hm2、1.12hm2增加为1.88hm2、2.43hm2,生态足迹中耕地足迹的比重分别由28.45%、32.94%下降为22.89%、29.42%.表明采用改进后的方法所计算得到的生态足迹为土地面积,增强了生态足迹与生态承载力的可比性;使得生态足迹的大小及构成发生变化,更能准确表征人类对自然资源的利用程度.

A modified method of ecological footprint and its application

The Wackernagel's method of ecological footprint assumes that arable lands are cropped only once a year in a country or a region,which does not accord with the conception of ecological footprint referring to the area of productive land.In this paper,the method of cropland footprint was modified by regulating with multi-cropping index,and the ecological footprint calculated with the new method was for the area of cropland but not that of multi-cropping.The ecological economic systems in Binhai and Funing counties of Jiangsu Province from 1995 to 2003 were analyzed by the modified method,and the results showed that when calculated with conventional Wackernagel's method,the ecological footprints of Binhai and Funing were from 1.79 hm2 to 2.22 hm2 and from 1.38 hm2 to 2.81 hm2,and the percentages of cropland ecological footprint in total ecological footprints decreased from 42.65% to 38.81% and from 45.73% to 38.85%,respectively,while calculated with the modified method,the ecological footprints and the percentage of cropland ecological footprint in total ecological footprints were from 1.43 hm2 to 1.88 hm2 and from 1.12 hm2 to 2.43 hm2,and decreased from 28.45% to 22.89% and from 32.94% to 29.42%,respectively.It was indicated that the ecological footprint calculated with the new method was for the area of cropland,which more accorded with the eco-capacity and changed the size and composition of ecological footprints,being able to reflect the use of natural resources more precisely.