温度对三叶草彩斑蚜种群参数的影响

为了探讨温度对三叶草彩斑蚜种群增长的影响,在实验室研究了15～35℃范围内共9个温度下三叶草彩斑蚜的发育、繁殖和生命表.结果表明:三叶草彩斑蚜种群在35℃下不能存活.若虫的发育历期随着温度的上升而显著缩短,在15 ～ 32℃内为18.33～4.02 d,存活率在40.0％～83.6％,25℃下若虫的存活率最高、32℃下存活率最低.成蚜的平均寿命在10.64 ～ 20.87 d,23℃下寿命最长、32℃下最短.产蚜高峰期随温度的上升而提前,除15℃为15 d以外,其余温度下均在3～6d.平均繁殖力和单头最高繁殖力以25℃下最高,分别为82.0和149.0头.平均世代周期随着温度的上升从15℃的31.17 d逐渐缩短到32℃的10.17 d.净增殖率在25℃下最大(68.62),32℃下最小(13.96).内禀增长率在0.10 ～0.30 d-1,其中28 ℃下最高、15℃下最低.若虫的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.35℃和97.83 d·℃.繁殖力、净增殖率和内禀增长率与温度的关系均可用一元二次方程描述.

Effects of temperature on population parameters of Therioaphis trifolii(Monell)(Homoptera:Aphididae)

To investigate the effects of temperature on the population growth of Therioaphis trifolii(Monell)(Homoptera:Aphididae),a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the development,reproduction,and life table of the spotted alfalfa aphid at nine constant temperatures ranged from 15 to 35 ℃.The aphid could not survive at 35 ℃.The total nymphal period shortened significantly with increasing temperature.From birth to adult stage,it required 18.33 days at 15 ℃,but only 4.02 days at 32 ℃.The survivorship of the nymphs ranged from 40.0%(32 ℃) to 83.6%(25 ℃).The average longevity of the adults ranged from 10.64 days at 32 ℃ to 20.87 days at 23 ℃.The reproductive peak was advanced with increasing temperature,and the reproduction duration at all test temperatures was 3-6 days except that at 15 ℃(15 days).The average fecundity and the highest fecundity were the highest at 25 ℃,being 82.0 and 149.0 offspring per female aphid,respectively.When the temperature increased,the mean generation time was gradually decreased from 31.17 days at 15 ℃ to 10.17 days at 32 ℃.The net reproductive rate was the highest(68.62) at 25 ℃ and the lowest(13.96) at 32 ℃.The intrinsic rate of increase was 0.10-0.30 per day,with the highest at 28 ℃ but the lowest at 15 ℃.The developmental threshold temperature and thermal constant of the nymphs were 9.35 ℃ and 97.83 day-degrees,respectively.Unary quadratic equation could be used to describe the relationships of the fecundity,net reproductive rate,and intrinsic growth rate with the temperature.