引进花角蚜小蜂成虫的寿命和羽化节律

通过室内饲养和连续观察，研究了食物、温度对引进花角蚜小蜂成虫寿命的影响及其羽化的时间节律.结果表明：食物对该寄生蜂成虫寿命有极显著影响，喂食20％蜂蜜或20％蜂蜜＋新鲜松针可将雌虫寿命从不喂食的1.5 d延长到14.8 d和17.3 d，将雄虫寿命从不喂食的1.5 d延长到11.3 d和12.3 d.喂食20％蜂蜜条件下，温度也表现出极显著影响，23 ℃和26 ℃下雌、雄成虫的寿命均明显较长，32 ℃下均最短，相同温度下雌虫的寿命显著长于雄虫.日周期中，雌虫主要在11:00—15:00羽化，18:00以后基本不羽化；雄虫主要在9:00—12:00羽化，17:00以后基本不羽化.在花角蚜小蜂的主要羽化期7—9月，7月羽化量最大
，此后8、9月呈波浪式递减；单日羽化的成虫中，雌虫大多占80％以上，雄虫则长期在一个较低水平波动.对比试验发现，花角蚜小蜂在收蜂棚中的出蜂量比在收蜂箱中更大.花角蚜小蜂在羽化前积累的能量十分有限，人工放蜂前提供必要的营养补充将有助于提高生物防治效果.福建和广东夏季的高温、花角蚜小蜂雌成虫和松突圆蚧雌成蚧虫口高峰期不吻合、极高的雌性比例等是影响该寄生蜂种群稳定的潜在因素.收蜂棚有利于大量收集花角蚜小蜂，适合在生产上应用.

Longevity and emergence rhythm of adult parasitoids of Coccobius asumai Tachikawa(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)introduced from Japan

A series of feeding experiment and regular observation were conducted in laboratory to explore the effects of diet and temperature on the longevity of
Coccobius azumai adults and their temporal rhythm of emergence. Diet had significant effects on the longevity of the adults. Without any diet supply, the mean longevity of the females and males was 1.5 d; but with the supplement of 20% honey water and of 20% honey water + fresh pine needles, the mean longevity reached 14.8 d and 11.3 d, and 17.3 d and 12.3 d, respectively. Temperature also played an important role on the longevity of the adults fed with 20% honey water. At 23 ℃ and 26 ℃, the longevity of the females and males was obviously longer; while at 32 ℃, the longevity was the shortest. At same temperatures, the mean longevity of the females was significantly longer than that of the males. In their circadian cycle, most of the females emerged from 11:00 to 15:00, but most males emerged from 9:00 to 12:00. Few females emerged after 18:00, and few males after 17:00. Most of the adult parasitoids enclosed from July to September. The amount of emerged adults peaked in July, and showed a fluctuant and descending trend in the subsequent August and September. Over 80% of the emerged adults were female in most days, and the males were always fluctuating in a low level in this period. A separate experiment showed that in the collection of the adult parasitoids, cloth shed was more superior to paper box. This study showed that limited energy was conserved in the parasitoids before adult emergence, and thus, supplementing suitable diet to newly emerged adults before release was necessary for prolonging their longevity and improving the efficiency of biological control. In Fujian and Guandong of China, there would be some potential disadvantage factors against the continuation of the parasitoid population, e.g., high temperature in summer, lack of temporal synchronization between the adult parasitoid females and their hosts (adult females of pine armored scale), and greatly high proportion of parasitoid females. Cloth shed benefited the collection of large amount of the parasitoids, being available in the biological control activities.