长白山森林生态系统中的稀有和濒危多孔菌

1　引　　言近一个世纪以来 ,由于天然林遭到大量砍伐和破坏 ,生态环境恶化 ,生物物种正以惊人的速度从地球上消失 ,因此保护生物学的重要性被越来越多的人所认识 .过去 2 0年间 ,很多国家或地区发表了有关濒危物种报告 ,但多数为动物和植物方面 .关于菌类物种濒危性的研究 ,只有少数对菌物研究深入的国家有所报道 ,如芬兰有 6 0种多孔菌被列为濒危种11] ,瑞典有 10 6种大型菌类被列为濒危种6] ,英国有 399种大型菌类被列为保护名单10 ] ,荷兰有 182种大型菌类正面临绝迹的威胁1] 等 .这主要是因为对菌类的研究远比动物和植物落后 .就全…

Rare and threathened polypores in the ecosystem of Changbaishan Nature Reserve of Northeastern China

In last 10 years, extensive field inventories were carried out to investigate Polypore species, the major wood-de-caying fungi in the Changbaishan Nature Reserve of Northeastern China. The following 27 species were treated as rare or threathened species: Amylocystis lapponica ( Romell ) Singer, Anomoporth albolutescens ( Romell )Pouzar, Anomoporia bombycbza (Fr.) Pouzar, Anomoporia vesiculosa Y.C. Dai &; Niemelae, Antrodia carbon-ica (Overh.) Ryvarden &; Glib., Antrodia crassa (P. Karst. ) Ryvarden, Antrodiella citrinella Niemel/i &; Ry-varden, Diplomitoporus flavescens (Bres.) Domdnski, DonkiopoHa excpansa (Desm.) Kotl. &; Pouzar,Gloeo-phyllum carbonarium (Berk. &; M.A. Curtis) Ryvarden, Haploporus odorus (Sommerf.) Bondartsev &; Singer, Inwmtopsis subiculosa (Peck) Parmasto, Nigroporus ussu Hensis (Bondartsev &; Ljub. ) Y.C. Dai &; Niemela, Oxyporus sinensis X.L. Zeng, Parmastomyces taxi(Bondartsev) Y.C. Dai &; Niemela, Phellinidium sulphurascens( Pilat ) Y.C. Dai, Phellinus vaninii Ljub., Polyporus vassilievae Thorn, Pycnoporellus fulgens(Fr.) Donk, Skeletocutis brezdspora Niemela, Skeletocutis ochroalba Niemela, Nieletocut/s perennls Ryvarden, Tmchispora candidissima (Schwein.) Bondartsev &; Singer, Wolfiporia dilatohypha Ryvarden &; Glib., Wol fiporia curvispora Y.C. Dai, Wrightoporia avellanea ( Bres. ) Pouzar and Wrightoporia lenta ( Oveh. &; J.Lowe) Pouzar. Polypores are richer in East Asia than in Europe and North America, not only because of de-structive galciations and fewer hosts in the latters, but also because of the geography. NE Asia is a link between Europe and North America. Changbaishan Nature Reserve is very rich in polypores, and over 260 species were recorded in the reserve. Some rare species in North America and Europe, for instance, Anomotoria albo-lutescens, Antrodia crassa, Diplomitoporus flavescozs, Inonotopsis subiculosa and Skeletocutis ochroalba etc.were found in Changbaishan Nature Reserve as well, and these species are in fact rare in the earth. Most of the 27 species occurred on fallen trunks or rotten wood in the reserve, but some of them grew on living trees. 18species occured on substrate of gymnosperrns, and 9 species grew on wood of angiosperm. Among the 27 species,7 species caused a brown rot, and 20 species produced a white rot. Tho morphology, substrate and ecology of each species were briefly discussed. The most important tool for polypore conservation is the conservation of their habitats, and it is necessary to study the ecology of the rare and threathened species of polypores in the Chang-baishan Nature Reserve. Because most of polypores live on the substrate of fallen trunks and rotten wood, it is very important to keep such substrate in the ecosystem.