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森林凋落物对林地微生境的影响
引用本文:潘开文,何静,吴宁.森林凋落物对林地微生境的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):153-158.
作者姓名:潘开文  何静  吴宁
作者单位:中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都,610041
基金项目:中国科学院“九 .五”重大基金资助项目 (KZ95 1 B1 110 0 1),中国科学院成都生物研究所西南生物资源与生物多样性保护基础研究基地项目,中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KSCX1 0 7 0 1 0 3 ),国家“十五”科技攻关项目子课题 (2 0 0 1BA60 6A 0 5 0 4),中国科
摘    要:评述了凋落物改变林地微生境的效应.凋落物减弱了林地地表及表层土壤(2mm厚)中的光照,改变了光谱特性,降低了PPFD和Pfr.缩小了日温差,提高了土壤湿度和肥力,增加了毒素和土壤动物的活动等,但凋落物改变生境的效应强度与凋落物组成、厚度、分解状态和周围生境(如植被、气候、地形和地貌等特性)等有关,在自然森林生态系统中,凋落物对林地微生境的效应因凋落物、植被、气候、地形和地貌的多样化变得更为复杂,而凋落物对植被天然更新的影响也因其对生境改变效应的复杂性而具有多样性和综合性,最后,对凋落物改变生境效应的复杂性和有关研究进行了展望。

关 键 词:凋落物  天然更新  微生境  效应  光照
文章编号:1001-9332(2004)01-0153-06
修稿时间:2002年3月18日

Effect of forest litter on microenvironment conditions of forestland
PAN Kaiwen,HE Jing and WU Ning.Effect of forest litter on microenvironment conditions of forestland[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(1):153-158.
Authors:PAN Kaiwen  HE Jing and WU Ning
Institution:Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China. pankw@cib.ac.cn
Abstract:Litter is a very important component in forest ecosystem. This paper made a systematic review on the previous studies about the effects of litter on forestland microsites. Litter significantly reduced the light on the soil surface of forestlands, and the light transmittance was varied with the type, water content and weight of litter. The spectral composition of the light was dramatically shifted to longer wavelengths after transmitted through forest capony, especially through moist litter leaves, intact forest litter, and even the thinner soil layer, which greatly reduced the R/FR ratio and PPFD (photosynthetic photo flux density) abstract beneath litter and surface soil (2 mm depth) abstract, and resulted in a stronginhibitory effect on the germination of photoblastic seeds, and on the growth of seedling and sapling. It was the reason why the appearance of massive numbers of pioneer plants and their successful establishment required relatively large gaps of the forest canopy. Many references concerned the effects of litter on soil nutrient cycling and water and soil conservation. The previous studies indicated that litter could create a moist micro-site above soil, and make soil more moist and fertile. Furthermore, litter could also increase the numbers of arthropods such as Carabidae adults and larvae, crickets, millipedes, spiders, ants and others. An increase in the activity of herbivorous arthropods might produce the negative effects on the establishment of individual seedlings. Although the mechanical barrier of litter was neglected in the paper, litter might act as a mechanical impediment to the emergence of the seedlings of pioneer species with small seeds. The effects of litter on micro-sites were of complexity because it varied greatly with the density, age, structure and species composition of the canopy, sunfleck frequency, presence of gaps, as well as litter thickness, moisture, and species composition, and also with climate and topography factors. The effects of litter were comprehensive, including positive and negative effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Each effect of litter on regeneration was dependent on species physiology, litter physical properties and environmental conditions. Therefore, it should be encouraged to integrate the physical properties (such as changing light, temperature and moisture) abstract of litter with the physiological ecology (including seed, germination and growth natures) abstract of species, and with environment (vegeneration, climate and topography propersities) abstract on the basis of combination of regeneration patterns of litter, understory and gap scales.
Keywords:Litter  Natural regeneration  Micro-sites  Effect  Light  
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