寿光市不同棚龄温室土壤动物群落结构

为研究不同棚龄温室与土壤动物群落生态分布之间的关系，对寿光市不同棚龄温室内土壤动物群落结构进行了研究.通过手拣法、Tullgren法和Baermann 法对获得的土壤动物进行分离、分类，共获得20 966个土壤动物标本，分别隶属于3门12纲.调查结果显示，弹尾目、线虫纲、真螨目和甲螨目动物为温室土壤动物的优势类群，占总个体数的82.3%，构成了该地区温室土壤动物的主体.温室土壤动物群落的垂直分布规律明显，具有一定的表聚性，0～5 cm、5～10 cm土层分别占土壤动物总数量的75.4%和14.6%.该地区温室内，土壤动物数量的高峰期出现在3—5月和10—12月，8月土壤动物的数量最低,与露地土壤动物的季节分布规律不同.露地中土壤动物的数量变化具有明显的季节性变化规律，7—9月是土壤动物数量的高峰期，1月土壤动物的数量最少.该地区温室土壤动物群落的多样性较高，但随着温室利用年限的增加，土壤动物优势种的密度显著增加，多样性指数降低.

Animal community structure in greenhouse soils with different planting years in Shouguang City.

By the methods of hand sorting, Tullgren’s and Baermann’s, the animal community structure in greenhouse soils with different planting years in Shouguang City of Shandong Province was investigated from March 2006 to April 2007. A total of 20966 soil animals belonging to 3 phylums and 12 classes were obtained. Collembola, Nematoda, Acariformes and Oribatida were the dominant groups, accounting for 82.3% of the total individuals. The soil animals had an obvious vertical distribution pattern, with most of them assembled in surface soil and occupying 75.4% and 14.6% of the total at the depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, respectively. The animals’ amount in greenhouse soils was the highest from March to May and from October to December, and the lowest in August; while that in open field soils was the highest from July to September, and the lowest in January. The animal community in greenhouse soils in this region had a high diversity, but the density of dominant groups increased obviously with increasing planting years, resulting in a decrease of diversity index.