长白山典型林区森林资源景观格局变化分析

利用研究区1985年及1999年遥感影像作为数据源，在GIS支持下并结合地面资料对森林资源景观格局及其变化进行研究．从两期地物斑块面积标准偏差来看，成熟针叶林(1985年为279．3，1999年为98．64)、成熟阔叶林(1985年为162．94，1999年为68．54)、中龄阔叶林(1985年为113．14)、中龄针叶林(1999年为160．71)斑块面积分布均匀程度均较同期其它地物类型小，这也说明这些地物组成中景观类型多样性及物种多样性．从景观相似性指数分析来看，中龄阔叶林(1985年为0．118，1999年为0．116)、中龄针叶林(1985年为0．07，1999年为0．336)、成熟阔叶林(1985年为0．312，1999年为0．228)、成熟针叶林(1985年为0．237，1999年为0．174)4类植被在15年间较同期其它地物类型稳定，是研究区景观的主要组成部分．湿地在两期的孔隙度都较大，湿地的均质化程度很小，形成了更多的斑块镶嵌体，湿地破碎化程度较高．

Landscape pattern variation of forest resources in typical forest zone of Changbai Mountains

Based on GIS and RS data of 1985 and 1999 and the ground information from Lushuihe Forest Bureau, this paper studied the forest landscape pattern and its changes in typical forest zone of Changbai Mountains. According to the standard variance of patch areas in 1985 and 1999, the patch area distribution of mature conifer forest, mature broad-leaved forest, middle-aged conifer forest, and middle-aged broad-leaved forest was less symmetrical, showing that these land covers had landscape diversity and species diversity. According to landscape similarity index, the mature conifer forest, mature broad-leaved forest, middle-aged conifer forest and middle-aged broad-leaved forest, which were relatively stable than other land covers, made the majority of the landscape in the study area. According to patch density, the porosity of wetland was high in 1985 and 1999, indicating that wetland had little homogenization and formed more mosaics. The fragmentation extent of farming land, due to multiple cultivating types, azimuths and shapes, was high in both phases. Attributing greatly to anthropogenic factors, the fragmentation extent of wetland was high all along. In brief, the forest landscape pattern was changed greatly in the studied phases, and human activities affected heavily on it.