浙江天童国家森林公园鼠类对石栎种子的捕食和传播

研究了浙江天童国家森林公园鼠类对石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)(常绿阔叶林重要伴生种)种子的捕食和传播.共设置了带1、带2、带3(常绿阔叶林中)、带4(马尾松林中)和带5(灌丛中)5条样带及2种种子的布置方式(有无掩盖和有无标签).结果表明,社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)和针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)是石栎种子潜在的捕食和传播者.损失种子可以分为3类:即Ⅰ类种子被吃，标签连着种子的残余部分;Ⅱ类种子被搬走，仅标签留在原地;Ⅲ类是标签和种子均消失.实验观察前期，种子损失量较大，随后逐渐降低；种子的日消失率在整个实验期间具有明显的波动，带2的日均消失率最高，为1.03％，带5的日均消失率最低(0.32％).3种种子命运所占比例在5个样带中存在差异，与不同样带的植被组成密切相关.有掩盖和无掩盖放置方式之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)，前者的日消失率明显低于后者,而有无标签之间则无显著性差异(P>0.05).种子被鼠类搬运的最远距离为6.7 m.

Predation and dispersal of Lithocarpus glaber seeds by rodents in Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang Province

This paper studied the predation and dispersal of Lithocarps glaber seeds by rodents in the Tiantong National Forest Park (29 degrees 48'N, 121 degrees 47'E) of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Five seeds release transects (three in evergreen broad-leaved forest, one in Pinus messoniana forest, and one in shrub), and two seeds release states (covered/uncovered and tagged/untagged) were set up. Iron snare traps were baited to determine the effects of rodents on seeds disappearance. The results showed that two species of rodents, Niviventer confucianus and N. fulvescensi, were the potential predators and dispersers of the seeds. The lost seeds labeled with small piece of tintags could be classified into three categories, i. e., 1) seeds consumed by rodents, with tags stuck seed fragments; 2) seeds cut off from tags, with tags kept only; and 3) both seeds and tags disappeared. The loss rate of seeds was high at the beginning of the observation, and then decreased gradually. The daily seeds disappearance rate (DS-DR) was variable in different habitats, with the highest (1.03%) in evergreen broad-leaved forest and the lowest (0.32%) in shrub. The proportion of these three categories was different, and related with habitat types. The difference of DSDR between covered and uncovered states was statistically significant (P < 0.05), with a higher DSDR under uncovered state. No significant difference was observed between the DSDR of tagged and untagged. The distance of seeds dispersal by rodents was within 6.7 m.