温度和氮肥对褐飞虱存活、生长发育和繁殖的交互作用

在实验室条件下，研究了不同温度（20 ℃、23 ℃、26 ℃、29 ℃和32 ℃）和氮肥水平（不施氮：0 kg·hm^-2;高氮：250 kg·hm^-2）对褐飞虱存活、发育和繁殖的影响和交互作用.结果表明：在20 ℃~29 ℃范围内，随着温度的升高，褐飞虱的卵孵化率和若虫存活率提高，卵和若虫历期缩短，成虫寿命缩短，同时产卵量增加;32 ℃时, 褐飞虱卵孵化率和若虫存活率降低、卵和若虫历期延长、成虫生殖力降低;在不同温度下，高氮植株上的褐飞虱卵孵化率和若虫存活率、成虫生殖力均明显高于低氮稻株上的褐飞虱，同时高氮植株上褐飞虱的卵和若虫历期明显短于低氮稻株上的褐飞虱，说明施用高水平氮肥提高了褐飞虱对逆境条件的生态适应性;温度和氮肥对褐飞虱卵存活率、若虫历期和产卵量的交互作用显著，表明全球气候变暖和长期施用高水平氮肥很可能是近年来褐飞虱猖獗暴发的重要原因.

Interactive effects of temperature and nitrogen fertilizer on the survival, development, and reproduction of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.

A laboratory study was made on the interactive effects of temperature (20 ℃, 23 ℃, 26 ℃, 29 ℃, and 32 ℃) and nitrogen fertilization level (0 and 250 kg·hm-2) on the survival, development, and reproduction of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens. With increasing temperature from 20 ℃ to 29 ℃, the egg hatchability, nymphal survival, and adult fecundity of BPH increased and the developmental duration of all stages shortened; while at 32 ℃, it was in adverse. At all test temperatures, the BPH on rice plants treated with 250 kg N·hm-2 had higher egg hatchability, nymphal survival and adult fecundity, and shorter developmental duration of eggs and nymphs, compared with no nitrogen fertilization, which suggested that high level nitrogen fertilization enhanced the ecological adaptability of BPH to stress conditions. There were significant interactive effects of temperature and nitrogen fertilizer on the egg hatchability, nymphal duration, and adult fecundity of BPH, implying that global warming and long-term high level application of nitrogen fertilizer could be responsible for the outbreaks of BPH in recent years.