长春市不同土地利用生境的土壤线虫群落结构特征

2003年7和9月对长春市郊区天然次生林、农田、防护林和市区公园绿地等典型土地利用生境进行了土壤线虫调查,共捕获土壤线虫2纲7目20科27属7 273只，优势属为Aphelenchus、Tylenchus和Pratylenchus，占总捕获个体数量的61.58%.用Baermann法提取土壤线虫个体，应用个体密度、属数量、群落多样性、丰富度、均匀度和功能类群结构等指数，研究了土壤线虫的群落结构特征及人类活动对土壤线虫群落结构的影响.结果表明,长春市土地利用差异对线虫群落结构特征影响明显,地表凋落物的移除和耕作活动是影响线虫群落结构特征的主要因素.地表凋落物的移除将显著减少线虫群落的个体密度和群落多样性;耕作活动影响线虫个体密度在土壤剖面的垂直分布特征.生境间地表植物群落类型对土壤线虫群落生态结构特征的影响差异不显著.

Structural characteristics of soil nematodes community under different land uses in Changchun City

In this paper, an investigation on the species richness and abundance of soil nematodes in farmland, natural secondary forest, shelter forest and green space was made in Changchun City in July and September, 2003. Soil nematodes were extracted with Baermann extractor, and identified to the genus level with the aid of microscope. A total of 7 273 soil nematode individuals were captured, and fell into 2 classes, 7 orders, 20 families, and 27 genera. Aphelenchus, Tylenchus and Pratylenchus were the dominant genera, which accounted for 61.58 % of total individuals. Land use type had a significant effect on the community structure of soil nematodes, and aboveground litter removal and cultivation activity were the main factors affecting soil nematodes community structure. Aboveground litter removal considerably decreased soil nematodes individual density and community diversity, while cultivation activity changed the vertical distribution of soil nematodes individual density in the soil profile. Aboveground vegetation structure and landscape pattern appeared to have little effect on the ecological structure of soil nematodes community.